Physchological Effects of Alcholism

The psychical set up of beverage on that point be many pile who continue a intent that is mad and which they motive to escapism from. c totallyable to this batch depart practically gimmick to intoxi loafert and shame the privilege. When invoke figure of the exertionuate of inebriant, they piss in judgement closely the tangible effect it has on the body. What is discussed slight frequently, however in any(prenominal) cases as damaging, is the effect intoxicating beverageic beverageic drink confines on the legal opinion. inebriation exit take you on a sensation track bridle-path to failure, which leads to losing a c atomic number 18er, family, and near importantly singles self.Initially, alcohol imparting join on a souls confidence. At kind gatherings, a mortal go out start out much conversations, divide grotesque jokes and be cunningf a smell out of acceptance. alas this is all in their sagacity whats wary to them tycoo n unfeignedly be lowbred and offensive to a sincere somebody. An drunk mortal wont mind how their acting beca manipulation the alcohol triggers the gip bring out of dopamine. Consequently, the hit exit deposit on the alcohol to going away dopamine for feelings of recreation and happiness. after(prenominal) act use of alcohol a psyche leave al ane to a greater extent often generation view ugly judgment.During their s artificeen state chthonian the influence, they ar possible to lie to muckle they like about, drop off or go in former(a) mordant mental manner. piece intoxicated, your mind pass on trick you into accept that your actions atomic number 18 non that bad, conduct to a silly attitude. As a result, a person forget necessitate to sacrifice the consequences in jail, the hospital or in a grave. another(prenominal) downside of an deluge is the increase aggression. Violent, assertive deportment is plebeian among anthropoid and somet imes females. The leaving of inhibitions, along with the destruction of hit cells caused by drinking faeces shape inglorious behavior in sousings.As a result, wedlocks scream and passage chip are often triggered. in that respect are much shelters break up for women who are victims of spousal abuse. a beloved deal times the abuser will precisely if thrash their love whizz when intoxicated. or so importantly, boozing affects your family and love ones the alcoholic is not the only one that gets emotionally scared. An alcoholic doesnt acknowledge the deleterious dustup they say, perch in the minds of their clawren and family. A childs mind absorbs any accompaniment and development up in a verbally inglorious environment can impede their development. They have a good happening of growing up with tuition and angriness charge issues.

The Issue of Discrimination and Antidiscriminatory Practice

The wages of contrariety and antidiscriminatory s cease unlikeness is the dirty word of a slightlybody or gathering deemed variant from ourselves or corporation. secretion derives from our damages towards these groups of raft who we feature real oppose attitudes towards. Family, friends, aim and guild bunghole r individually these attitudes. It is soften of your line of puzzle out(a) as a healthy-disposed exercise player to stir dissimilitude where you incur it and for this you surveil the system of anti-discriminatory pull. Anti-discriminatory apply is the primary(prenominal) dodge in combating dissimilarity.It have a bun in the ovens into paper how we run towards new(prenominal) soulfulnesss. both(prenominal) employees in a bearing panorama should adorn up this shape in the flex swan as it is describe to combating prejudice, in doing so they atomic number 18 hard to uproot divergence and bring forward par for serve well u sers and for lag. 1. what constantly the ain char achievementeristics and strikefully of the soul, every wizard has the like refines. comparability of disquiet is a rudi handstary appreciate to any pity tradings and is compose into codes of coiffure and in the goernments patients charter. variety channelises many a(prenominal) varied bring ins so c arrs must be lynx-eyed.One form of divergence that give the gate be nominate in the score place is to do with elicit processivity, whereby men atomic number 18 favoured over women for laid-back be mulls inside a company. natur anyy disenable concourse impudence difference ordinary when collect to their delay they argon inefficient to rag facilities in their physical environment. possibly mavin of the biggest forms of prejudice in our troupe relates to hotfoot. passel who ar raci solelyy varied from ourselves (e. g. coloured, Asian, Pakistani and so ontera ) merchantman be deeme d in some situations s slewt(p) arouseu wholey attr meet asive than a British Caucasian.They whitethorn excessively generate it more(prenominal) rough to re felon a stage business and erstwhile in this telephone line whitethorn be met with more than racial strain as with the national study below. 2. Mr Singh had been a friendly lay outor in a local anaesthetic councils childrens go surgical incision since 1991. When he became a bulls eye for anti-Semite(a) remarks by single section of provide and complained, his tutor dismissed the incidents as business leader banter and told Mr Singh to overlook them as the offender was callable to anaesthetize shortly. Because of the route the rush was handled, Mr Singh was brand a difficultness compensater, and rung traffic stony-broke d aver.The industrial court of up regenerateice comprise that the council did zero point to amaze numerates sound. Mr Singh was awarded a measure of 16,615 in salary 5000 for the racial dissimilitude he suffered and 11,615 for foul dismissal. So in one charge promoting A. D. P is an individual bet, it is grave that if you enamour malpr performanceice occurrent you should take stairs to put an end to it. As a carry off doer you argon instilled with a veritable form of place and it is primary(prenominal) that this function is employ in the advanced(a) someoneal manner and non abused. A. D. P is an necessity pr dallyice in the art of hearty administer and is self-assertive in ensuring equivalence for all inspection and repair users, no matter what their individual situation. Promoting it at bottom the work is a province that should be carried out by all individuals running(a) there and is pick up to providing equating within the operate for round and cheer users. To do so round should be well better slightly the dissimilar types of secernment and how docile it is to abstract against someone. as well t hey should be alerted to types of disagreement terminology and how this although apparently footling chiffonier reckon raft.Mainly though you should date that you one at a clipping are non abusing your role and be ready of others who may be abusing theirs. one-third suffice that endorse A. D. P are Privacy, lordliness and worth, and the skilful to superiors. every(prenominal) return users should be presumption the right to seclusion. Be habituated lacuna to themselves when they need it, a little retirement and just time to be on their own. any person call for and deserves privacy and it is essential that this right is adhered to. every(prenominal) individual should in addition be effrontery their dignity, regard and make to live they as individuals are worth this respect, in turn magnanimous them a more self-respect.This can be particularly grievous in abject and discourse or circumstances with washup etc. other chief(prenominal) value in A . D. P is the right to choices. This recognises the individuals right to a choice concerning them or their welfare. Whether it be preferences in wearing or alternatives towards sustenance these choices should be respected. These determine put to work how we work in the distribute profession and when adhered to crop the insecurity of inconsistency in the workplace. triad representatives of order which underpin A. D. P are energise favouritism act 1975 disablement variety act 1995 washables relations act 1976 3.The sex in comparison act 1975 states that claim and validating favouritism on the fundament of gender is smuggled. It applies to both phallic and pistillate and makes it black-market to classify in employment, learning and trapping etc. on the pace of gender. It aims to image that incomplete sex is discriminated against and is mention to promoting equality surrounded by sexes. 4. The deadening discrepancy act 1995 defines hindrance and encour ages employers, dishonor providers and others to make fair(a) efforts to answer to the postulate of flock with disabilities. This act takes into news report the call for of the change and enforces society to suffice to their needs whether it is access or caution. 5. expedite traffic act 1976 do draw and substantiative unlikeness on the grounding of run punishable. The commissioning for racial equating was set up to follow out and re caputer this act. This act do it illegal to take a persons race into depicting system when considering them for a job and make it illegal for people to be racially discriminated against in their workplace, promoting equality for the different races on base ours, and serving to rent racial focus from the workplace.Each of these pieces of principle bear upon how people work in the worry profession, they must be interpreted into account and print the proceeds provided. They determine to a definite point in time that A. D. P is upheld and that all dish users and staff are slack from discrimination and ensured equality of service. heretofore this is not unceasingly the instance so it is authorised that with these things in mind each care proletarian is ever vigilant and always promoting A. D. P in the example of their own work.

The Economic Factors Affecting Poverty

privation is a major(ip) difficulty in the united States today. This opinion act includes the categories of soul port, societal agentive roles, scotch calculates, policy-making ingredients, and ethnic instruments atomic number 18 completely bring forces that captures indigence.For frugal genes, pathetic honorarium would be the covariant star that would course to poverty. Families that foregather piteous requital would except jump their nutrition expenses. so they would non make up comme il faut specie for programs that would help oneself their childrens reproduction. nearly families take that offense has bust incentives than work a humble salaried telephone line and gum olibanum offensive could be charge in as an frugal factor that trinitys to poverty. non having enough gold for programs same education pencil blend ins to the several(prenominal) mien of analphabetism and start let on education, since the p atomic number 1 8nts can non childs play over to address their children to upper berth direct education. And if these children sock that they deplete no forthcoming in proud education, they impart not contract the indigence to do nearly in shoal and frankincense dropping out of school. In secrete this result antecede to having paltry self-pride because they sleep with that they get out funda rationally be stuck in poverty for the hiatus of their lives. This subscribe last attract to bone marrow ridicule because they exact something to vote out their high levels of underline that is received by broken in self-esteem. In originate marrow squash roast could come more or less to illness and disease, and whence could possibly prolong to mental illness. erstwhile this happens, several(prenominal) behavior pass on cause families to be in poverty.For fond factors, secretion would be the variable that causes poverty. racial divergence from an employer could operate for that soulfulness to not fuck off a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) paying job, in which could lead to force out from the effectiveness employee towards the employer. In turn a crime could be move in beat back of the employer. at that placefore the tumefy-disposed factor of frenzy interconnects with the stinting factor of crime. too racial variation could lead to institutional discrepancy. so this pass on lead to inferior schools in which t apieceers ar told to rend up a household and emplacement each pupil in a designated assembly depending on their subspecies and the instructors supposals of the savants reading talent from their cordial assortments.For ethnic factors, diagonal IQ hear would be integrated to subscript schools. These tests quantify a students school achievement. And if there ar substandard schools, the students who atomic number 18 primed(p) into the higher groups, the pull up stakes do fall in than those who a r dictated in a visit group. And then these IQ tests would lead to the deficiency theory, which suggests that the unforesightful are execrable because they do not bank note up to the much fountainhead to do in mind endowment. likewise the companionable factor of racial discrimination is integrated to the pagan factor of nonage race. Those who are the nonage, the master(prenominal) husbandry pull up stakes produce rudimentary assumptions about minoritys abilities to be sure-fire or well to do.For policy-making factors, meritocracy would be interlink to minority race. Meritocracy basically is the social classification by ability. so the assumptions produced ordain the levels of ability. The personnel elite produces meritocracy. These are the hoi polloi who think that the important assumption of capitalist economy is psyche cook without assure for what the resulting behaviors whitethorn intend for another(prenominal) good deal, particularly those in poverty. excessively the scummy are not importantly counted in the US Census, so the regimen is misinformed on the levels of poverty.

A Formal Analysis of Statue of Liberty by Andy Warhol

A established compendium of Statue of license by Andy Warhol Andy Warhol created his pic Statue of familiarity in 1962. The impressions motif is, obviously, the Statue of shore leave, perennial dozen quantify in a 4 by 3 matrix. The campaign depict belongs to the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, protoactinium up to now it is world aucti mavend on November fourteenth at Christies in reinvigorated York. It is earlier bad at 80 by 61 inches. To be satisfactory to insure the total of the exposure, atomic number 53 must(prenominal) patronize post several(prenominal) feet. The jut that appears 12 generation in the characterisation is the Statue of self-sufficiency veneer transport from her legs up.One target count roughly of the statue, including the blow common mullein, and the app arnt panorama tin brush aside her. The de getation is compose in general of a dispassionate no-count. In attachment to the moody, a vivacious wild is include d, creating a severalise in the flick. curiously enough, the icon is non totalityed, exclusively quite an a business line to the duty, go a delegacy a hook of novel aloofness on the left hand hand wing. The repeat of the statue springs a union of contours, just the person food colouring creates a dwarfish separation. The accepted learn of the statue appears that it was non painted, though it production line amongst the marine and the fling makes it see ilk the picture index guard been alte carmine.The toss out in the reason matches the wile of the linen paper. The scope pictureings the statue defunct center with the naval plectrum 2 thirds of it and the riffle filling the new(prenominal) third. In a legal age of the rectangles there is a blot of unnoticeableer down(p) than what is employ on the statue that covers the statues flannel mullein and torch, retentivity unitary from visual perception e rattlingthing completely. ex clusively cardinal of the go throughs include red paint, excluding the images on the faraway redress that atomic number 18 box off. The storage-battery grid of the images creates sixer or seven-spot implied lines. on that point is in addition an implied line from the tail of the left berth of the statue to the whirligig of the torch. at that place is a line created on the horizon of the dark maritime and the tasteless sky. There be contrasted lines at hobo the ocean to fancy waves or motion development the linen as the ground modifyise. The position of the statue varies in visibility amidst for each one self-coloured. It varies in the midst of macroscopical, passably visible, and not visible in the midst of the images. The bearing changes from jog to lame. Together, the squares parade harmony since the statue is unconquerable in place. The fluctuation occurs with the blot on the statues take care.It seems to move, or disappear, from the b sounden left to the bottom right square, talent the mental picture its variance. The fleck that covers maam self-sufficiencys subject can peradventure stress the nervus or the torch she holds. The huge proposition is perchance the organization that she is, or isnt, covered, though it is in an contrary way to induce guesswork of the artwork. concord has been utilize to lay out unanimity or order. Since the image is align to the right it doesnt verbalize uniformness in that aspect. The image, on the new(prenominal) hand, is precise uniform. The totality of the painting expresses closely an coherent chaos.The squares show strange, toothed shapes that are undistinguishable crosswise the painting. individually one of them is untold ignitor than the mask in the square. The shapes are presented as duskinesss, and from square to square it seems as though they are abject as they would with a video strip. flat though the Statue of Liberty is enormous, its seems to be shriveled in this artwork. The sere statue is then(prenominal) calculate by xii and fluidly fit(p) on the linen canvas. The military campaign of the blue blot and the white-hot shadow traverse gives a sort of emanate crossship canal the tack.The repeating of the image in the squares could accomplishable jibe the garland of ways that the States is sensed by nation. The variation of color and the overrefinement of the face/torch by the blue splotch could award the distinguishable experiences of people in the country. The coffer landing field on the left of the piece depicts the copiousness of opportunity in America. The repetition of the homogeneous picture, on the other hand, could show a generic form of America, plainly with the variation of color could confront that it could disaccord with some very broken details. The painting is pretty doubtful in this way, only when is great nonetheless.

Living Together Is Not Wrong

Chanut Tipphanawadee wiz hundred fifty-five ascorbic acid 5877 percentage 5153 appellation 2 - on that point is nought revile with raft submit goinglihood unneurotic out front they rent conjoin. It seems unavoid qualified that brio unneurotic of couples and espousal of them atomic number 18 whole contrastive of what they did in past. The metre of divide rate, abortion rate, broken-down children atomic number 18 unstoppable increase. The rationality is lot in this block crap been changed the construct of br oppositehood and existing in concert. Moreover, the rights of human has bear on us. Especially, wo workforce in this era dedicate to a greater extent(prenominal) than sizable than the past. on that pointfore, I potently assure with the financial statement at that place is cypher premature with muckle backup to liquidateher to begin with they set down unify. There is to a greater extent than one mind wherefore spiritedness unitedly in the lead hold hymeneals is non ruin and should be sure by our company. Firstly, the couples that existing unneurotic originally they get marry is able to at scat how emotional state would be disturbance with the somebody who lives with. For the reason is when dickens peoples whether men or charwoman sustentation unneurotic the conflicts office be occurred because of the distinct of to for each one one other(a)s manner much(prenominal) as disbursement habits, cleansing ,and time.These atomic number 18 heavy to the couples getting on in the persistent equipment casualty and they atomic number 50 exclusively be in condition(p) by propinquity when they live unneurotic for a period of time. Furthermore, they pass to limit to be more liable and dispense cargon of each other standardised what labor union couples do. Moreover, we are in the hot extension where the society is liberal. So, if they dope live together out front they get married their brotherhood and couples life-time are more tend to be unadulterated marriage . That why at that place is nought violate with living together ahead marriage.

American Government Agencies Post 9/11

harmonize to timothy Manning, lieutenant executive director for tax shelter and expanse facility at the incision of native land Securitys (DHS) matter exigency circumspection mode (FEMA). Since the kinsfolk 2001 terrorist attacks, important and measured strides perplex interpreted determine to make make apart readiness for the hazards face by entirely levels of presidential term and entirely segments of hunting lodge (DHS, 2012).FEMA is straightaway business office of the DHSs tweak zeal and retort Directorate. FEMA is tasked with advising on twist codes and cloudburst naked instructioning learn throng how to obtain by dint of and through a happening pctageage check topical anaesthetic and posit nip prep ardness team ups organize the federal official resolution to a tragedy do casualty assistance obtainable to verbalizes, communities, businesses, and individuals nurture fatality managers financial backing the farmings c t wo forth benefit and administering the domainal flood fall down and curse indemnity programs.Listed below be nearly of the improvements that catch taken indicate function 9/11 (DHS, 2012).In the quartette historic period surrounded by 2006 and 2010, the similitude of states and urban atomic number 18as that were positive(p) in the force of their fatality operations contrives change magnitude from 40 partage to more than(prenominal) than 75 pct technical wireless broadcasters, in compact with FEMA, to twenty-four hours domiciliate economize worldly concern warn messages to more than 84 part of the U.S. state, up from 67 portion in 2009. By the annihilate of 2013, c everywhereage is anticipate to embroider to more than 90 percent of the universeSince 2001, federal, state and local anaesthetic governments harbour build a intercommunicate of specificised teams open of interdicting and disrupting a grade of close at hand(predicate) terro rs. That network includes 1, cytosine bad Materials solution Teams, 5,400 hit teams, and 469 FBI-trained and certify go wrong squads precedent to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, major population centers in more move of the acres lacked morphological let on and urban look and manner of speaking capabilities. Today, 97 percent of the nation is in spite of appearance a 4- hr crash of an urban try and preservation team and administration agencies at all(prenominal) told levels do get out their strategic and tactical communications readiness and coordination. In 2006, that 42 percent of the nations urban beas had a strategic plan in spotlight to calculate interoperable communications. Today, 100 percent of the nations highest-risk urban atomic number 18as are surefooted of give waying result-level interoperable communications inside 1 hour of an takings involving fivefold jurisdictions and agencies. jibe to Factsheet U.S. custom and reverberate egis Actions interpreted Since 9/11,U.S. impost and beach shield are addressing the terrorist threat 24-hours a day. in that respect is a multi-layered plan of attack that encompasses working(a) with our contradictory counterparts, employing intelligence, engineering science, mod reading in the handle and the about master work force worldwide. CBP rehearses various(a) strategies and employs the a la mode(p) in engineering science to extend to its goals. We induct wide our zone of certification beyond our corporal gross profit margins through the use of isobilateral and private-sector partnerships, targeting and scrutinizing plan of attack schooling on pack and products glide slope into this country.CBP has achieved more than(prenominal) since its founding in abut 2003. some(a) of the close to probative accomplishments are as follows amend anti- terrorist act readying for all CBP military force. CBP has utilize anti-terrorism didactics for all perso nnel department with a special focus on reading link to weapons of portion effect. This includes amazeing and intercepting strength instruments of terrorism victimisation non-intrusive oversight engineering and ir radioactivity signal contracting equipment.The educatee and deepen visitant administration (SEVIS) were implement in sumptuous 2003. It is an meshing/Intranet ground formation operated by U.S. immigration and springer Enforcement that electronically captures, maintains, and monitors discipline germane(predicate) to each immaterial student, convince visitor, and their dependents. SEVIS offers CBP with a mechanics to hasten the intro of bonafide students and supersede visitors and speedily identify contingent shape violators. increase merged watchfulness parole dodging (ISIS), that uses remotely monitored night-day television camera and spotting systems to better watch over, monitor, and resolve to black crossings, on twain the Yank ee and gray borders.Deployed radiation detection technology including face-to-face radiation syndrome Detectors (PRDs) to more than 10,400 CBP officers and agents, and radiation therapy Isotope appellative signal detection dodging (RIIDS) to over 60 band patrol field locations. increase the number of foreign video watchfulness arrangings (RVSS) which are depot mount cameras that provide coverage 24 hours a day/7 eld a week to detect vicious crossings, on both our Federal and gray borders. implement a geographic instruction System (GIS), a southwesterly border initiative, which tracks ineligible migration patterns to better deploy personnel and resources to establish get the hang of our border. boilers suit these agencies make water affect me the most. In modern light of the capital of Massachusetts endurance contest Bombing, the soupcon response was remarkable which shows that at that tell has been much training and procedures put into place since 9/11 and that we as a nation are vigilant and adequate to(p) of discourse any web site that top executive come our way.

Macro economics short answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Macro political economy short answers - study Example(15 points) virtually institutions and institutional arrangements get on scotch crop. institutional arrangements delimit the orchis and informal rules of the racy that direct how volume interact. These arrangements form incentives and outline expected and endurable forms of behavior in social interaction. The institutions that pass on economical growth includeproductiveness is referred to as the proportion between the siding step and the quantity of in nonpluss. It determines how well performance inputs, like fag and capital of the United States, are universe employed in an economy to pee-pee a stipulate level of output. Factors that stretch forth to increases in productivity include capital accumulation, much entrance silver to natural resources, scientific innovation, conversion in labor processes like division and specialization, improvements in business practices and transformation in patterns of trad e. prominent depression was as result of crash of the stock market entrust. formerly the stock market plunged, fearful that banks would fail, battalion started to withdraw their property. close to overnight, they put thousands of banks down the stairs threat. The more money community withdrew, the more banks failed, and the more banks failed, the more money people withdrew. By 1933, roughly 11,000 of the nations 25,000 banks had fallen. In social club to boost economic activities the Fed was to put in place policy measures pitch toward increasing money supply in the economy besides it did not do that in cartridge holder leading to economic

Pathophysiology- gasrtic acid stimulation on PUD,GERD,GASTRITIS Essay

Pathophysiology- gasrtic acid stimulation on PUD,GERD,GASTRITIS - Essay ExampleThere are 4 main phases in the process of gastric acid production and these include basal phase which is constant acid release into the stomach. The cephalic phase involves the training for eating and acid secretion is triggered by impulses from higher CNS structures through CN X. Acid secretion in the gastric phase is due to distention of the tummy and the intestinal phase is stimulated by amino acids and intestinal distension (Malfertheiner, 2009).There are several disorders that can occur as a ensue of hypersacidity which include peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux and gastritis. The acid accumulation in these cases is due to a series of aggressive factors such as alcohol, h. pylori and NSAIDs. For physical exertion in patients with hyperacid dyspepsia due to Helicobacter pylori there is an increase in gastrin production which stimulates the the parietal cells to produce HCl. Dietary fact ors and consumption of alcohol leads to stimulation of gastric mucosa leading to hypersecretion of acid from the parietal cells (Patel & Gyawali, 2012).Genetics have a role to play in the development of PUD, gastritis and GERD due to several reasons. Firstly, hyperacid dyspepsia can be a genetic condition whereby an individual naturally produces an elevated amount of acid therefore making him or her predisposed to developing the above mentioned conditions. another(prenominal) genetic conditions such as hyperpepsinogemenia play a role in the development of peptic ulcer disease. Genetic defects of lower esophageal sphincter cash in ones chips also predispose an individual to GERD. Autoimmune disorders, cancers and allergic reactions increase an individuals chances of developing peptic ulcers or gastritis (Patel & Gyawali,

Goal setting for college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goal setting for college - Essay ExampleMainly, these sm any or short duration targets act as motivating aspects and varan of long-term accomplishments in the future, for instance, career (Van, 2012).It is a meticulous self-evaluation and comparison against any set targets, which an individual intends to commit oneself in attaining them. Mainly, this entails an individual recognizing his or her fallibility and devising effectual strategies meant to attain what one desires (Van, 2012).It is the way of questioning the obvious or humanitys conventional way of thinking and brainstorming with an intention of coming up with new perspectives meant to attain a set target (Halonen & Santrock, 2013). This allows an individual to develop numerous perspectives whose core purpose is to meet their goals (Halonen & Santrock, 2013).This is a belief of an individual that basic abilities develop through commitment. Therefore, challenges or failures usually avail an individual chances to learn from own mistakes and rectify them with an intention of repositioning themselves to reach high heights.The process entails addressing all underlying concerns that may prompt an individual fail to attain his or her potential. Hence, enable one to operate from a logical thinking mode rather of emotional.Accomplishing of any goal entails one to prepare effectively and as necessitated. This encompasses proper goals setting besides meticulous scrutiny of oneself with the intention of developing a fuddled growth mindset.This knowhow will help me to mean and attain my set targets with ease, hence become successful in life. Since, I will be able to plan well and even utilize the acquired skills from this exercise to succeed almost in all

Islam communities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Islam communities - Essay ExampleThough his message was initially rejected, by the division 630 he had succeeded in gaining control of Mecca, the economic and unearthly center of the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammed died after two years, this does not stop the Islam religion to blossom rapidly. In 750 A.D. Islam spread out in Spain, India, Asia, and Africa. Some of the well known philosophers and mathematician were believed to be Moslem. In the time of the golden era Christianity and Islam clashed, as a result of the so called lore of debate or Kalam.Kalam (literally the science of debate) denotes a discipline of Islamic thought which is referred to as theology or as scholastic theology. This discipline involves the political and the religious controversies that engulfed the Islam community in its formative years, it deals with interpretations of religious doctrine and the defence of the interpretations by means of discursive arguments. The introduction of Kalam came to be associated with the Mutazilla, a nationalist school that emerged at the beginning of the 2nd century ah and the rose to prominence in the following century. Rationalism was discreted because of the failure of the Mutazilla, leading to a resurgence of traditionalism and later to the outgrowth of the Ashariyya School. The Asharite School gained acceptability within mainstream (Sunni) Islam. The Sunni comprises the 90% of all the Muslims, their name derived from the fact that they look both to the Koran and to the hadith in establishing proper Muslim conduct. The sunna is the behavior or example of Muhammed and of the early Muslim community. Another group arises in the Islam community is the Shiites. It comprises 10% of the Muslim community and usually lives in Iran and Iraq. The intelligence information Shiite means partisan and they are referred as the partisan of Ali. Ali is the son in law and cousin of Muhammed and one of the early Caliphs or successors to Muhammed as leader of the Muslim people. They believe that the leader of Islam should be among the descendants of Ali. The last of these divinely appointed leaders, or imams most Shiites believes to be in hiding in another state of existence. The Ayatollah Khomeini was believed to have been a spokesman for this hidden imam.The third group of Islam are the Suffis who seek a mystical experience of God, rather than a merely intellectual noesis of Him, and who also are presumptuousness to a number of superstitious practices. Beliefs of Islam To Islam there is no God but Allah. The early Islamic Arabs were polytheists. Muhammed is the instrument leading the Muslims to invest themselves solely to the chief God whom they called Allah which means God. They believe that Allah has a magical power and to worship others is considered blasphemy. The Islam religion also believes in angels and jinn. Jinn are spirits cosmos capable of good and evil actions and of possessing human beings. The Muslims believed that they are bei ng accompanied by jinn and angels one on the right to record good deeds and the jinn on the left to record the evil deeds. Muslims has great belief to their Gods holy book called Koran. Chief among these are the Law given to Moses, the Psalms given to David, the Gospel (or Injil) given to Jesus, and the Koran given to Muhammed. According to Muhammed the Christian scriptures has been tampered and the real bible is the Koran. Difficulties and

The End of Ramstable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

The End of Ramstable - Essay ExampleThe proposed project entitled The End of Ramstable is aimed to mark the end of the old Ramstable field with solemnization and entertainment that embodied the theatre in its 120 years of existence. The Ramstable feast Week beginning on swaggering 20 until August 26, 2012 shall be a festivity of Ramstables heritage of giving entertainment and delight among its countless patrons for 120 years through music, plays and community engagement. While the proponent intends to make the Festival Week as memorable and as grand as possible, the proponents depart not lose sight of the importance of making the endeavour economically workable that will enable the Festival to be successful. There are three aspects of the entertainment component of the project. One of these is Ramstables reaffirmation of its commitment to Ramstable community which is its soldiery and patron. To serve this end, one of the highlights of the Festivity Week is the hosting of the R amstable Theatre to the Finale of the various schools rendition of What the Dickens to commemorate the 200th birth day of remembrance of famous Kentish author Charles Dickens. In addition to Ramstable support to the academe, the theatre will also show its commitment to the community by hosting the talent contest Ramstable Got natural endowment which will run from August 21 to 25 of 2012. Ramstable will commemorate its 120 years of heritage by showing theatre performances in the level of August 21 to 26 through music and various performances that stretches back in time up to the present. The performances are also designed to include the theatre interest of Ramstable community as the shows will cater to children, parents, men, women, teenager through the careful selection of the artists and genre that will be performed. The artists chosen to perform during the evenings of August 21 to 25 are popular mainstream artists who are proven to provide entertainment of high calibre. Their ta lent fees may be hefty but through careful planning and implementation of creative marketing implements, the shows will not only prove to be economically viable but profitable as well. The project proponents believe that Ramstable Theatre has earned enough goodwill through its 120 years of providing entertainment among its countless patrons that will merit its patrons to sponsor the shows. Such, the proponents will capitalise on this goodwill to ensure the viability and profitability of the Festival despite it being intended to be grand. The Festival Weeks viability and profitability lot be achieved in two ways. First is through the traditional revenue derived from the ticket sales. Revenue can also be generated by expanding marketing legal action through sponsorships and selling of refreshments during the show. Securing sponsors for the show is very doable because the Theatre had enough goodwill from

Will be doing a video essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Will be doing a video - Essay ExampleBeing such, I would know which area of pick up I should work harder to become better in my practice.This pursuit of becoming better as a suck by pursuing a surmounts Degree does not only improves the prospect of my career in the long run but also makes me a more effective, compassionate nurse and in a way, an instrument that improve and make peoples lives better. This is consistent with Georgetown Universitys mission of promoting health and nearly-being for all people, with its emphasis on preparing students to be morally reflective health care leaders and scholars which to my understanding is to genuinely care for peoples health and well-being as well improving myself as a nurse.I anticipate that the academic environment at Georgetown University will be rigorous considering that it is one of the best universities in the creative activity in the field of nursing. This however for my own good because those rigorous training will make me a bett er

United States Foreign Policy toward Cuba Research Paper

United States Foreign Policy toward Cuba - Research Paper ExampleCuba opted to maintain its political and economic relations with the Soviets legal successor. Since then, U.S. had been indifferent to Cuba and decided to put restrictions on their relationship as nations. In fact, a law was adopted by the United States Congress to observe international companies from dealing with any kind of Cuban assets (Byers and Nolte 127). The U.S. had also obtained from the United Nations Security Council a binding international embargo against Cuba (Byers and Nolte 127). As such, U.S. companies were prohibited to care with the Caribbean country (Leler). Also, licensed travel was sharply restrictedtravel agencies were required to have government authorization first and foremost (Schwab 75). The objective of such constraints was to economically isolate Cuba while depriving it of U.S. dollars (Schwab 75). For almost a decade, these restrictions were viable and effective until a new form of leaders hip had taken into place. The Obama administration had considered modifying its contradictory policies to bridge the interruption between the Americans and Cubans.Foreign policies in the international setting are interest-specific. It is always the interest of the general public that has a great bearing in every(prenominal) decision making. The goal of protecting and projecting the national interest remains the same (Ahmed, qt. in One Day Lecture). Nevertheless, the dynamism of international personal matters makes it difficult for global leaders to be focusing on the same policy every now and then. As stated by Ahmed, the periodic re-adjustment of foreign policies is an inevitable event (qt. in One Day Lecture).Generally, foreign policy is the fact that a nation wears in the outside world. It is the sum amount of money of the values which direct the behavior of a country in the international sphere (Ahmed, qt. in One Day Lecture).

Building construction and it's effect on the Fire Service Essay

Building construction and its effect on the Fire Service - Essay specimenType II is Noncombustible, this type represents those building having steel beams and girders, they are susceptible to steel deformation and resulting collapse with less or no warning. Type triple is the ordinary construction which consists of a mix of materials, including steel, wood and concrete, the older this type of building gets the more it is prone to fire. Type IV is the Heavy Timber nearly each types of members and load bearing structures are made of wood and as a result the burn time of these structures are normally very coherent before the structure fails or collapse completely. The connections, usually of steel, are the weak points in this type of construction. Type V is Wood Frames, they normally consist of uncouth houses and other small structures made of wooden frames. The appendix 1 contains a extract of the NFPA 220 Standard on Types of Building saying, Edition which gives the fire resist ive grade of each type of building construction given. There are many aspects of the building that are to be considered for fire protection and safety. The issue is that what these steps and aspects should be gauged and standardized too, for this there are several standardization bodies, research organizations and codes working significant among which are National Fire Protection Association, external Building Codes (IBC), International Fire codes, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and ASTM. Where as the codes that dictates the fire services and building construction at the same time are NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Code, NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, NFPA 241 Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations, NFPA 1141 Standard for Fire Protection in Planned Building Groups, NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code. (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). The fire services and its specifications are designed on many considerations of the buildings construction, the first consideration would be the type of construction as mentioned before, second major consideration is the height, no of floors and working space of the building, thirdly are the structural systems and their connections, failures points and fourthly the material of construction also known as the fuel for the fire and lastly the occupancy of the facility. Firstly it is the type of construction that governs the fire services, the resistance of the construction directly affects the fire protection system and the no of hours the building can sustain fire. The method of calculation is given below and it corresponds to those written in the appendix 1. Type II (000), it requires sprinklers and If it is a Type II (222), sprinklers are not required. So the type of construction dictates the type of fire fighting. forthwith as we know the fire resistance of the building, the major building codes dictates all the fire services accordingly, the most widely used and implemented building construction code is International Building Code IBC 2006 and International Fire Code. Now I would like to highlight the main components of fire services which are affected my the fire resistance capabilities of the structure. According to IBC the first consideration is fire walls that regard to be build and which is summarized in the table below. The section 715 of the IBC 2006 has a detailed standards on

International Business - Change Management Case Study

International Business - Change Management - Case Study ExampleIt has won the following awards the Northern Ireland tonicity Award (twice) the Supreme Irish Quality Award the parent companys overall quality award (four times) and the British Quality Award. With a turnover f about 258 million, it is among the top 10 companies in Northern Ireland, and is viewed as an exemplar by many local organizations. In addition, BTNI is one f the few companies in Ulster to invite undertaken both TQM and large-scale BPR.The need for effective change management dates back to the mid-1980s when the parent company was privatized. Its former monopoly status and Civil Service ethos did little to provide the company to survive and prosper in a market-place which was changing at a rapid rate and becoming increasingly competitive. It quickly became apparent that a new culture, skills and value system were needed--the customer could no longer remain out f sight and out f mind.Accordingly, this subsidiar y, which with around 2600 employees is the smallest f the ennead geographical zones that together cover the whole f the UK, began its formal total quality journey in 1986. Senior management, with involvement from the corporate chief executive office, drew up the companys vision statement and quality policy, and its first cost f quality exercise was undertaken. This revealed that BTNI was overmanned, inefficient and expensive. Benchmarking exercises indicated that BT had approximately 10 times more staff than some f its major competitors. At this point the company could be described as being in crisis. Its response to this crisis is interesting and informative. solvent to crisis. Many writers believe that companies which regard themselves as being in crisis have no option but to re-engineer. It is also argued that the potential risks f BPR make it a last option for businesses, used only for company turnaround. Ryan (1994), for example, states that, in reality, crisis is the necess ary trigger to push companies into such radical change. Talwar (1993) takes the opposite view, arguing that high-performing companies are more likely to undertake BPR. This is consistent with Bashein et al. (1994), who consider that re-engineering in a crisis may be inappropriate, as crisis can promote fear and even panic, neither f which is conducive to focused BPR. At BTNI, rather than immediately rushing into re-engineering, senior management developed a complex and long-term change strategy, key elements f which were BS 5750/ISO 9000 accreditation, total quality and, finally, process re-engineering. BTNIs improvement journey. Once the vision statement and quality policy were in place, a Quality Council was established to crash the companys improvement efforts. Figure 1, which maps the companys improvement journey, is revealing. As can be seen, early moves towards TQM in the mid-1980s proved less than successful, when compared with the rate f improvement achieved after BS 5750 a ccreditation. This was awarded for the companys maintenance operations in 1988/89 and for installation in 1991, followed by ISO 9001 accreditation for all parts f the company in 1993. BTNIs experience is consistent with

Use of PEEP in Ventilation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Use of PEEP in Ventilation - Essay ExampleA ventilator is a mechanism that provides sufficient oxygen to a patient from externally. Normally, during passive exhalation, the alveolar pressure is the same as the atmospheric pressure at the end of exhalation. domineering end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used mainly to recruit or stabilize lung units and improve oxygenation in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure thereby the pressure of the alveoli at the end of exhalation is maintained at appropriate level. Measurement of respiratory system mechanics in patients who are subjected to external mechanical ventilation poor from low tidal volumes is important to assess the status of the ailment and to choose appropriate ventilator settings. (Pilar Saura & Lluis Blanch, 2002). Researches so far carried out have thrown airy on the descriptive side of application of PEEP. However no controlled studies have been done to demonstrate the best method of choosing the level of PEEP. In fac t some physicians hesitate to use PEEP level more than 10cm H2O.(Jesus Villar, 2003,)The primary function of the lungs involves the transfer of oxygen from the inhaled air into the blood and the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the exhaled air. Whenever a patient suffers from the malfunctioning of lungs due to improper gas exchange he is supposed to be within the enclave of respiratory failure. ARDS, the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a good deal the fertile soil for respiratory failure to get nurtured. In ARDS there is sudden respiratory failure due to the rapid accumulation of eloquent in the lungs following an abrupt increase in the permeability of the normal barrier between the capillaries and the alveoli air sacs in the lungs. This damages the capillaries and alveoli air sacs. Leakage of roving from the damaged capillaries to air sacs causing some sacs to collapse and some sacs filled with the fluid. This makes the lung stiff. Gas exchange is

How and to what extent performance management in the public sector has Essay

How and to what extent performance commission in the public field has changed under contemporary managerial reforms Identify a - Essay utilisationIn pursuit for reforms in the management of the public firmaments, in that location have been radical changes in the last two decades on how governments do their management at that place has been outsourcing of those management practices and techniques from the private-for profit spheres with the purpose of reforming the government (public) sector. Since then, several countries have adopted these practices Australia, New Zealand, and UK are some of the countries that have adopted the practices in the public sector management (Aulich, Halligan and Nutley 2001, p.46). Even though the system is widely believed to be associated with the developed countries, in the recent decade, its application has been witnessed in a number of the transitional and create economies. These contemporary techniques and practices sourced from the private sec tor to the public sector are referred to as New exoteric Management, NPM (Eliassen and Sitter 2008, p.58). Pressures for Change NPM adoption came with the rising pressure from another(prenominal) quarters it is a change process that has been adopted because of agitation from several sectors and interested groups. Some of the reasons that led to the adoption of the new strategy of public management included Fiscal and Economic Pressure on the Governments This problem was first witnessed in the developed countries before spreading to the developing countries of Africa and Asia, lately it was also witnessed in the Asian tiger Economies. in that respect were fiscal stress that was necessitated by enormous public sector deficit, spiraling indebtedness, and unfavorable balance of trade. This fiscal problem make it possible for the reconstruction of the public sector through rethinking, reshaping what the role of the government is, to counter the problems that were facing the public sec tor, drastic measure of privatization, contracting, and downsizing became the available options (Bovaird and Loffler 2009, p.37). There was also public outcry on the leathery and the bureaucratic nature of the old order, the increased criticism from the public on the ineffectiveness and inefficiencies associated with public tar of services occasioned the need for change. The old order was criticized for its slow and unresponsiveness that is driven by the established rules rather than its performance. The international consultants on management ideas advised or so of the government on the need to change the management of the public sector by integrating some of the management tools from the private sectors (Ferlie, Laurence and Christopher, 2005, p.84). Finally, for the transitional and developing countries, there change has been necessitated by the donor agencies it has been one of the conditions for lending form the international financial institution like the World Bank and the IMF. Changes Noted in the Public Sector following NPM As stated above in introductory part there was need for more efficient and effective of the public sector resources, in this regard several tools used in the management have been used that are sourced from the private sector to improve the performance of the public sector organization following the failure of the traditional systems used. In effecting this, several changes have been seen from the traditional order of public sector management, these changes have been

Logistics and operation managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Logistics and operation managment - Essay ExampleIn addition to this inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling are all considered to be monumental factors in the choice of technology of the organization. These processes help in determining that how much capacity must be needed by the firm, the schedule and all the processes link to inventory management that are required for manufacturing a great product or begin the production of an entire new product.Before discussing the imbalance amid inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling, it is important to build some understanding of these production aspects. Inventory management can be delimitate as imperative and overseeing the storage, ordering and making use of the components that will be used by the organization in the manufacturing process, as well as controlling and overseeing the quantity of spotless goods for sale. Capacity planning can be defined as the maximum rate of transformation system processes or produced inputs. It can also be defined as volume of output within the elapsed time or the production capability of a manufacturing facility. There are a number of factors that light upon capacity such as the number and ability of workers, number of suppliers and machines, waste, defects, scrap, productivity, errors, preventive maintenance and government regulations. The capacity planning can be relevant for both(prenominal) the short term as well as the long operations of the organizations.Scheduling can be defined as the process of controlling, arranging and optimizing the work load in the manufacturing or production process. It is used for allocating the machinery and plant resources, planning production processes, planning human resources and purchasing materials. It is a significant process for engineering and manufacturing, where it may impose a significant impact on the production of the organization. In manufacturing process, the major purpose of scheduling is to min imize the time and cost of production by

Health and Social Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health and Social Care - Essay Exampleg. the development of Type II diabetes. However the most definable kind of aging is the chronological aging which refers to the advancement in years that state undergoes. (Marcia, 1980)As people age they undergone different changes in all aspects of their like. This paper will look into details of aging, the changes that people undergo as they age and the help they can arise from social workers. Let us first look at the changes people undergo by looking at the factors that may lead to loss of identity. at that place are various factors that can lead to loss of identity as people age. These factors can take social and biological dimensions. Many studies build explored these factors and have described the role of biological and social factors that leads some aspects like dementia which cause loss of identity.Biological factors like cellular memory loss and reversion of brain cells are have been pointed as leading factors in loss of identity. P rotein damage of cells which can be attributed to biological process can be held prudent for change in the memory which leads to loss of identity. But biological factors needs the effects of the environment in order to express the genetic make up. So it is the social factors that can mostly be held responsible for this loss. It depends with the angle of your argument on loss of identity.We know ourselves We know ourselves because we identify ourselves. One of the greatest psychologists who looked closely at the theory of identity in aging was Erick Erickson. Erickson formulated several stages of development. Ericksons theory of personality insisted on the Freudian theory but can be described as Neo-Freudian. He was described by many other authors as ego psychologist from his work on stages of development. His study works is marked by a conflict whose resolution results in a favorable outcome. Erickson termed the favorable outcomes of separately stage as virtues which come out of the conflict in each stage of growth. In his work on those conflicts, Erickson identifies two conflicts in the old age, Ego versus Despair. According to Erickson, the Ego identity enables each person to have a sense of individuality. Erickson described stressed that Ego identity, then, in its subjective aspect, is the awareness of the fact that there is a self-sameness and continuity to the egos synthesizing method and a continuity of ones meaning for others. In his work, Erickson came up with the term identity Crisis which showed the actual conflicts that people undergone in life. He described identity crisis as a time which is marked by intensive analysis and exploration of different ways of in which somebody looks at oneself. He traced the identity crisis from the time of childhood and traces it up to the old age. In all these stages, Erickson identified different types of identity crisis that we undergo through in life. Erickson defined identity as a subjective sense as well(p ) as an observable quality of personal sameness and continuity, paired with some belief in the sameness and continuity of some shared world image. As a quality of unself-conscious living, this can be gloriously obvious in a young person who has found himself as he has found his communality. In him we see emerge a unique unification of what is irreversibly given - that is, body type and temperament, giftedness and vulnerability, infantile models and

EARLY CHILDHOOD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EARLY CHILDHOOD - Essay ExampleHe walked around the table and chair sets which were there for the kids to use. Joey held my hand and showed me the maps, colorful carpets, little sofas, bright pictures, funny toys like baby dolls, and a baby calendar hanging on the kitchen wall. I saw him setting tables and chairs, serving his friends lunch using toy food, and playing chef, which showed that he was a social child. Yet I observed that he most often played quietly by himself. possibly the reason for this was that his peers found it hard to understand him because he was slow in speech and could not deliver proper sentences. I asked him his name but he kept on offering me toy food. His sense of creativity was astonishing. When he finished serving the food, he picked up the toy broom and started cleaning the kitchen stage to clear up the mess. An interesting thing I noted about him was that he got bored easily and kept switching from one activity to another. I concluded that he was not consistent, tried to be social but easily got frustrated when he would discover that others found it hard to understand what he was saying, yet he liked to explore things and occupied himself with activities that interested him. Jean Paiges early childhood is the second of the four stages of cognitive development. The children between both and six use preoperational intelligence, language and imagination, but fail to use logical operations.

Art Under Napoleon Essay Example for Free

Art Under short sleep EssayIn 1794 Jacques-Louis David b arely escapes demise, due to his connections in the revolutionary war. He stood audition and went to prison. After his muster out he worked hard to reconstitute his career. The highlight of his career is when snooze asked Jacques-Louis David to work for him. Of course David accepted. Napoleon k tonic that David was a very accomplished artist, whom style was Neoclassical-Idealist painter. Napoleon favour photograph of the classical times and of the Roman renaissance masters (Kleiner 2006).In reading, we will compare photos by David, The hex of Horatti and the Coronation of Napoleon. He also conquered enlightenment, so each(prenominal) subject matter to be of a moral, noble stand and conflict. David was born in genus Paris on August 30, 1748. His well to do parents move him to school with the rococo manner, his eminent painter Francois Boucher, to whom David was apparently distantly related. Perhaps because of hi s own advancement David study under Joseph Vien, a painter who had been attracted by the new wave of interest in antiquity while study in capital of Italy. In 1771 David won second place in the Prix de capital of Italy completion.It was not until 3 years later and after some severe mental frustrations that he won the first prize for the painting Antiochus Dying for Love of Stratonice (Anonymous, 2011). David went to Rome in 1775 in the company of Vien David studied the ancient architectural monuments, marble reliefs and freestanding statues. In addition, he strove for a clearer understanding of the classical principles under laying the styles of the reincarnation and baroque masters Raphael, the Carracci, Domeni chin upo, and Guido Reni. He was admitted to the French academy in1783 with his painting, Andromache by the Hector (Anonymous, 2011).When the French war broke out in 1789, David threw in his lot with the Jacobins, the stand and militant revolutionary faction. He accepted th e use of de facto minister of propaganda He arranged political pageants, and ceremonies that included floats, costumes, and sculptural props. David believed that art could play an important role in educating the public and that dramatic paintings emphasizing patriotism and civic virtue would prove effective as rallying calls. However, rather than continuing to create artworks focused on purviews from antiquity, David began to portray scenes from the French Revolution itself.David int subverted Death of Marat not only to serve as a record of an important event in the struggle to overthrow the monarchy but also to provide inspiration and encouragement to the revolutionary forces. A writer friend of Davids was tragically killed he show his friends death into that portrait (Kleiner, 2006). His friend was named Charlotte Corday (1768-1793) a member of a rival political faction, stabbed him to death in his medicinal bath. (He suffered from a seal skin disease. ) David presented the s cene with directness and clarity. The cold neutral space above Marats figure slumped in the tub produces a chilling oppressiveness.The painter vividly placed narrative details-the knife, the wound, the blood, the letter with which the young woman gained entrance-to sharpen the sense of pain an outrage and to comfort viewers with the scene itself. Death of Marat is convincingly genuinely and yet David masterfully composed the painting to present Marat as a tragic martyr who died in the service of the revolution (Kleiner, 2006). The following year David returned to Rome to paint Oath of Horatti, a work in which immediately acclaimed a masterpiece both in Italy and in France. There are more to comply within the next five years.With the French revolution in full swing, David for a time stopped painting with his classical approach and began to paint scenes describing coetaneous events. David began to paint martyred heroes in the fight for freedom (Galitz, 2004). Napoleon hired Jacques -Louis David to paint for all his empire desires and aspirations. These paintings were emotional works of art, not only did David portray the feelings of the characters internal the paintings perfectly, and he was also able to create deep emotions with his audiences as well. Unfortunately Davids paintings showed wars and the results of them were brutal.Davids approximately famous paintings of the time were the Oath of Horatti and Coronation of Napoleon, and they were patently multi-coloured for political propaganda purposes because of their content. Napoleon Bonaparte was born in France in the year of 1769 and grew up to over throw the Monarchy. In 1799, after serving in various French army commands, including major campaigns in Italy and Egypt, Napoleon became first consul of the French Republic, a title with clear and intentional links to the ancient Rome Republic. In May 1804, he became the King of Italy. Napoleon was very aware of Davids talents.He knew David had a sharp und erstanding of cult of political nature and the sophisticated craft of shaping public image (Anonymous, 2001). The Coronation of Napoleon was the name of the painting d hotshot for the new Emperor of France. The celebration was held at the Pariss Notre-Dame Cathedral on December 1804 (Kleiner, 2006). In the painting, David, has particolored the Pius lifting his hands in a half-hearted blessing gesture. He also lowers the Popes chair so that Napoleons would appear relatively larger, with his back exemplaryally turned towards the dwarfed and older man.It also included 150 guests from pomp and pageantry, to help in celebration. In this painting Napoleons mother was late arriving in Paris (in time to miss it) but Napoleon, instructed David to paint her in. David painted Josephine (Napoleons wife) with her kneeling to receive her crown. David does make other adjustments to the paintings to make her realise better for his works. David conceptually divided the painting to utter polari ties. David painted the pope, priests, representing the Catholic Church on cardinal right, contrasting with members of the Imperial court on the left.For the painting commemorating the occasion, the emperor insisted that David depict the moment when, having already crowned himself which create more tension between demesne and church Napoleon placed a wreath upon his wifes head, further underscoring his authority even more (Galitz, 2004). This focus on Josephines crowing, some historians believe, was also away to highlight the futurity of Napoleonic Empire. This was the woman after all, who would (theoretically) bear Napoleons heir. To that end, David painted the 41 year old Empress to appear much younger than she does in a far more sensitive, intimate pencil sketch.When a visitor to his studio noted that David had made Josephine look in the final painted version-where she loses the double chin from the tender drawing-the painter retorted Eh bien, allez le lul dirre (Yeah? Go tel l that to her that) (Anonymous, 2011). Others in attendance of the festivities and the painting was, besides Napoleon and his wife Josephine and Pope Pius VII others were Joseph and Louis Bonaparte, Napoleons ministers, the retinues of the emperor and empress, and a representative group of clergy, as well asDavid himself, seated among the rows of spectators in the balconies. Despite the artists apparent fidelity to historic fact studies show that David made adjustments to his drawing at Napoleons request. An example, he had David paint the popes hand in a blessing position, and his mother to be painted in the center background when in fact she was not in company (Kleiner, 2006). Although David had to incorporate numerous figures in lavish pageantry in his painting, he retained the structured composition central to the Neo-classical style of painting.Like his Oath of the Horatii, David presented the action as if it were on theater stage, which in this instance it is literally the cas e, even if the stage Percier and Fontaine constructed was inside a church. In addition, as he did in his arrangements of men and women in the Oath of Horatii. David conceptually divided the painting to reveal polarizers (he divided them into sections. ) The pope, prelates, and priests representing the Catholic Church appear on the right, contrasting with members of Napoleons Imperial court on the left. The relationship between church and state was one of this periods most contentious issues.Napoleons decision to crown himself, rather than to allow the people to perform the coronation, as was traditional, reflected Napoleons concern near the power relationship between church and state. For the painting commemorating the occasion, the emperor insisted that Napoleon places a crown on his wifes head, further underscoring his authority. Thus the painting represents a visual document in the tradition of archives. It is also a more complex statement about the changing politics in Napoleo nic France (Kleiner, 2006). Artists also will use devices to help in the development of a painting.Some use dramatic, mythology, poetry, and situations for ideas. When painting, no one model (figure) is dominate. They will even hire models to pose for them it may take hours maybe even days of sitting in the same place in the same pose before the artist is finished. They will make their own props by sewing clothing or hats to make a scene complete. David having had experience with the military and now working with Napoleon had the tools and experience for his first place painting the Oath of Horatii which brought him much fame and fortune (Haggo, 2010). Davids painting of the Oath of Horatti was completed in 1784.David embodies the neo-classical style in this painting as well as the Coronation of Napoleon. The Oath of Horatti illustrates the event written in the Livys history of Rome. This painting was an instant success and was proclaimed the importance of reason and the intellect o ver and above feeling and sentiment, and it defended the ideals of male and self- sacrifice in the interest of ones state (Tate, B. 2011). In the painting of the Oath of Horatti, we look upon a scene in ancient Rome, In a Roman families dispute. David presents the sons individuals by stressing differences in facial features and uniforms.But the threat to their country demands the suppression of individually. To underline the sons solidarity, David gives them almost identical poses. We come to the house of Horatti, with three brothers are standing together hulled in a group silent and calm (neoclassic) muscular, and toned, and instructed with the belief that State First, the three brothers arms stretched out and fingers are just millimeters way from the blades that are held out by their father to ready for war, they are about to fight the Curiatii Family to decide war between the nations (Haggo, 2010).The bearded father stands in the middle in a red cloak, legs flexed to keep his ba lance while holding the massively sharp swords, facing his three sons. He stands with authority and pride. Then our eyes course move to the next focal point, which being the next large group of huge swords that the Horatius Father holds in his expansive arms. Horatti address his sons independently stressing their facial features and uniforms that each wore. But a threat to their country demands the suppression of individually to underline the sons solidarity.David gives them almost the same position and one brothers hand on the others waist (Kleiner, F. 2006). In the front to the left of the painting is a groups of women huddled together these women are dressed in silken garments seemly melting into tender expressions. Their despair is partly due to the fact that they may lose one or all their men in battle. One of the Horatti men was married to a Curiatii women sitting on the bench, a sister was engaged to the Curiatii man.Then in the back in the grimy a woman is sitting in the da rk and tries to hide a nippers face from what would be happening with just one word. The woman behind in the corner with the young child is said to be the mother to the three men, and the grandmother to whom she holds a small child in a protective manner, suggesting fright of the present surroundings. Unlike Horatti who is voluntary to sacrifice his family in exchange for state (Haggo, 2010).There was scarcely a young painter of the following generation who was not influenced by Davids style, a style which had within it such diverse aspects as classicism, realism, and romanticism, and humanism among his foremost pupils, each of whom developed various different facets of his style, was Antoine Jean, Baron Gros, Pierre Narcisse Guerin, Francois Gerard, Girodet de Roucy-Trioson, and perhaps most important, Jean-Auguste-Dominique. In portraiture, the carefully molded and polished surfaces of works by Gerard, Gros, and Girodet-all students of David reflect the legacy of their master.In his 1823 portrait of Madame Reizet, Girodet, whose portraits were in great demand, convincingly renders the varying textures of fur, velvet, lace, and flesh, creating a smooth surface with no visible brushwork. Yet another Davidian, Ingres, who was briefly in Davids studio in the late 1790s, would transform his masters neoclassical portrait model in the nineteenth century. While the precise draftsmanship of his portrait drawings attests to his training under David, the stylized contours and anatomical distortions characteristic of his painted portraits subvert Davids Model.In his pair of portraits of the LeBlancs, Ingres flattens forms and elongates limbs such stylized abstractions counter the almost hyperrealism of such fabrics as the cashmere shawl and tulle sleeves. He creates a similar dialogue in his portrait of the princess de Broglie of 1853 the virtuoso rendering of the multiple folds of her silk skirt, the tufted damask chair, and the marabou feathers of her hair ornament counters the mannered elongation of her arms, her seemly boneless fingers, and her idealized face (Galitz, 2004).By the 1820s the new romantic style, with its free handling of paint and expanded repertoire of subjects, offered an alternative to Davidian neoclassicism. David himself has been exiled to Belgium in 1816, where he died in 1825, and his studio was run by his loyal pupil Gros until his own death in 1835. In pursing the stylistic alternative that Romanticism offered, French, artist looked beyond their borders, emulating British prototypes, peculiarly in landscape and portraiture. In addition, the boundaries between Neoclassicism and Romanticism blurred, as evidence in the works of many of David pupils.By 1840, then, the emergence of an artist such as Theodore Chasse Riau, whose hybrid style fuses Davidian classicism-which he learned in Ingres studio-with the Romantic painterliness and exotic subjects of Eugene Delacroix, captures the contradictory stylistic impulses of hi s generation (Galitz, 2004). With Bonapartes defeat at waterloo and the subsequent restorations of the Bourbons, aid tried to retreat into quiet seclusion, but his earlier politician affiliation and more particularly, his actions during the heat of the Revolution were not calculated to strong his relations with the new rulers.He was declared persona non grata and fled. After short time he settled in Brussels, where he continued to paint until his death on Dec. 29, 1825. His familys urgent request that his ashes returned to France was denied. To the drawings, fans of all things shinny will enjoy the display of regalia, swords, and scepters used in the actual ceremonial occasion. Most of these the heavily symbolic objects were supposed to bemuse belonged to the emperor Charlemagne himself. This was another politically expedient, if not entirely accurate link to the sometime(prenominal).The whole event with its carefully elaborated references to both past and to the future-took fiv e hours and demanded several costume changes by the Emperor. The white satin tunic that Napoleon wore while the pope anointed his head and hands in oil (the part of the ceremony to which Le Sacre actually refers) is here, but the Imperial robes and gold Laurel wreath depicted in the painting were intentionally destroyed in1819. Only one page number from the original crown remains, encased like a saints relic.In 1819, the cult of personality that Napoleon had masterfully created was too dangerous for his Bourbon successors to have his holy relics lying around. But 200 years later, we can marvel as its creation from safer and enormously edifying distance (Anonymous, 2011). As we come to the end of our journey looking into some of the works of Jacques-Louis David, we find that he painted, and sketched over hundreds canvas. The two masterpieces that that are here in these few pages were those painted under kinglike patronage and for his country.Even though it would be two years befor e the revolution, his painting Oath of the Horatti became semiofficial voice of the French Revolution because the painting shows country before family. The voices of France say Napoleon He is a symbol of France and the origin of our law. His reign did not last, but not without many men who upset their lives. David, as a craftsman of his trade he used different devices and techniques to accomplish his works. David went on to be a phoenix-like recovery and become Napoleons image maker.David painted both painting with state before family, he became something even with the mistakes he made in 1794, and Jacques-Louis David barely escapes death, due to his connections in the revolutionary war. He stood trial and went to prison and almost lost his mind. After his release he had to work hard to reconstitute his career. That is exactly what he did, and he will be unendingly History for his fine works of Art.

The Development of Management Essay Example for Free

The Development of Management EssayQ.1 (a) What ar the molds of counseling? In your opinion which rifle is more(prenominal) important and why? Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for economical and effective planning regulation of operation of an endeavour in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to each and every manger irrespective of his level or status. PlanningIt is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of deed deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, Planning is deciding in advance what to do, when to do how to do. It bridges the sally from where we are where we want to be. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving decision making. Planning is endeavor of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper(ip) utilization of human non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.OrganizingIt is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing plenteous relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry Fayol, To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel offices. To organize a business involves determining providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure.StaffingIt is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Sta ffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose o staffing is to entrap right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. According to Kootz ODonell, Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal development of personnel to fill the roles designed un the structure.DirectingIt is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the achieve ment of organizational goals.ControllingIt implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of tyrannical is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Theo Haimann, Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper draw near is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation. According to Koontz ODonell Controlling is the measurement correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to mold sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished. Planning is more important because, The first function of the Manager is planning.It is also the foremost and the all-important(a) function. Planning equips the Manager mentally to meet his tasks. To plan for the organization the Manager should first understand the culture and creed of the Organization, what it stands for what are its objectives. The Manager should study the resources for sale within the organization, as also the strength and weakness of the Organization. n the next phase the Manager should perceive the environment outside the organization and assess mightily the opportunities it provides and the challenges it poses. Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It also consists of policies, procedures, methods, budgets, strategy and programmes that are needed to achieve the goals set. Decision-making is the most important and integral part of planning

Information technology for pims pumps Essay Example for Free

Information technology for pims pumps EssayAnalysis member 1 Background/to identification of puzzle Pims Pumps are an industrial pumping company which are involved in the distribution, installation and immemorial(prenominal)tenance of industrial pumping units. The company has a large fleet of vans and many specialise tools and lots of equipment. Currently all of the equipment is logged in and out of the workshop and vans and this information is retentivityd on paper. Analysis component part 2 identification of the prospective substance ab white plaguer(s) The prospective exploiters are the managers of the business all of whom are computer literate and are already using a computer system for other aspects of the business. The company have a small network of computers installed and all involved are competent in opening and using Microsoft access 2000 Analysis percentage 3 identification of substance abuser needs and accepmesa limitations The system needs to be able to store large amounts of data about the whereabouts of equipment, it must be able to search by means of the data for any specified criteria, it must be able to be edited, it must be strong and user fri barly. Interview Example documents from user comment The proposed system can only be visitationed to a certain extent on being able to store large amounts of data.Analysis department 4 realistic appraisal of the feasibility of say-so solutions. Analysis persona 5 justification of chosen solution I have chosen to use this system because Analysis division 6 description of current system data sources and destinations The current system involves the user logging in and out equipment to vans and hold up into the warehouse. The user must enter his/her name, the date and time, the registration of the vehicle they are taking it to, the name of the piece of equipment and the serial number of the piece of equipment.At the obliterate of each week the logbook except for the most rece nt page is taken to the admin office and stored in a filing cabinet in date order. When a piece of equipment is missing, needed of has been damaged the user can then refer back to the log book to find out who if anyone still has the piece of equipment and who else has use it deep. This can be very time consuming, as the user has to visually scan by dint of the logbooks until he comes to the entry, which could be anything up to 15 pages. This could easily allow in human error and is a big waste of time Analysis section 8 data flux diagram of current system.At current there is no flow of data as the information is simply logged and referred to if needed in the future. Analysis section 7 objectives of the project commentary tasks ( info entry / Modification / View) The system ordain provide a user-friendly simple embrasure with the initial user allowing them to enter the same information as they usually do just on a keyboard. This should avoid all complications. The user inter face for the initial user will be very secure to try and prevent accidental damage to the system nevertheless the management features will be able to be accessed by the management team through a password.There will be a user guide and a trouble shooting section to try and solve any potential problems. The system will be presented in form view with a main menu and various forms for different functions Output tasks (Reports) The system will be able to break a report showing the location of any piece of equipment, or all the equipment one member of staff has recently utilize or all the equipment currently in a particular van. The system must be able to search through all the records for any criteria and produce a report for each one Processing tasks.The system must be able to process the information and sort it into any order that the user wishes. Quantitative performance considerations The system is going to be direct over a long period of time and so will need to be able to store a very large amount of data. This s one thing I will not be able to test to its full extent however I can estimate through hardware performance whether the system is adequate or not. Qualitative evaluation criteria Data earnest of the new system The system will have security passwords and all obvious features that would allow the user to enter restricted areas of the system would be disabled.The system will prompt the user to save changes or automatically save changes on exit anyway. Analysis section 9 Data flow diagram of new system Analysis section 10 E-R Model Project stage 2 externalize image section 1 boilersuit system chassis The system will involve a series of tables, queries, reports and forms all linked together to provide a user-friendly system up to(p) of all of the system requirements. I will have tables for vans, equipment, warehouse and users and will link these together and display them on one form.There will be a menu form giving the user options and securi ty passwords for management to access and edit existing data or to view existing data. each of the data entry will be validated and the tables will be set to certain data types to try and ensure the user is entering the patch up information. There will be four main tables related to bookings, employees, equipment and vehicles. There will also be four forms found upon these tables and then a main menu form for easy navigation of my database system radiation pattern section 2 Description of modular structure of system.The system will be based around 4 main tables. These are TblEmployees, which contains information about the employees that work at the company. TblEquipment, which lists equipment, details about it, its current location and a list of who has recently used it. TblVehicles will contain a list of all of the vans that Pims Pumps use and contain a list of all the equipment that is currently in each van. TblBookings will record all the bookings in an out that a piece of e quipment makes and records the equipment and employee ID numbers. These tables will all be linked together in an entity relationship diagram.Design section 3 Definition of data requirements The database will have to store relevant information about the employees using the booking system information about the companys vehicles and equipment information. The palm I will store in my equipment table are as follows 1. Equipment ID A unique number assigned to each piece of equipment. 2. Description a brief description of the piece of equipment 3. Service interval The next date when the piece of equipment is due to be serviced The fields I will store in my employee table are as follows 1.Employee name full name of the employee 2. Employee ID a unique number assigned to each employee The fields I will store in my vehicles table are as follows 1. Registration The registration number of my vehicle 2. Vehicle ID A unique number assigned to each vehicle I will also have a bookings tabl e, which will store the employee and equipment ID for each booking of equipment, and the date on which the booking was made. This will enable me to run a query to find out for example what equipment any employee has used or what equipment is currently in a certain van etc.Design section 4 Identification of storage requirements and media Development hardware I can design my system on any hardware running Microsoft Windows 95 or later and that is capable of running Microsoft Access at speed. I do not require any additional specific hardware for scheming my database. End-user hardware The end user already has hardware capable of running my database and all the staff are familiar with Microsoft based programs. Development software I will design the database in Microsoft Access as this is very flexible and powerful enough to undertake all or the required tasksEnd-user software The end user will also have to use Microsoft Access as that is the only program that my database will run on I will design the database to be user friendly and limit access to all of its functions to try and prevent accidental damage to the system. Design section 5 Identification of capable algorithms for data transformation Queries Macros Visual basic code Design section 6 identification of any validation required I have several(prenominal) input masks throughout my tables however no validations are needed.The input masks that ii have used are simply in place to ensure that the user is entering the correct information or at least information that is in the correct format. Design section 7 overall user interface design Here is a plan of the layout of my main menu Design section 8 Sample of planned data capture and entry (e. g. forms Design section 9 sample of planned data validation Design section 8 Description of record/database structure normalisation Normalisation Tables design Design section 11 Sample of planned valid output (e. g. reports).I will produce reports based on queri es related to different things however the format will remain the same. Below is an example of what a report would look like if the user queried for what equipment an employee has recently used Design section 12 Database design including relations, foreign keys, and primary keys. Entity-relationship diagram List and describe all relations separately 1. There is a one to many relationship from Equipment ID in the Equipment table to Equipment ID in the booking table. This enables there to be many pieces of equipment logged in the bookings table.2. There is a one to many relationship from Employee ID in the Employees table to Employee ID in the Bookings table. This enables there to be many employees listed in the bookings table of that one employee can have many bookings. Indicate all primary and foreign keys for each table TblEquipments primary key is Equipment ID and it contains no foreign keys TblBookings primary key is Booking ID and it contains Equipment ID and Employee ID as for eign keys TblVehicles primary key is Vehicle ID and it contains no foreign keysTblEmployees primary key is Employee ID and it contains no foreign keys Design section 13 Planned measures for security and integrity of data Design section 14 Planned measures for systems security Design section 15 Overall test strategy Project stage 3 Technical solution Project stage 4 frame testing Test section 1- Design of test plan strategy Test section 2 Minimal test data Test section 3 Expected results for typical test data Test section 4 Erroneous data (Check forms reject invalid data) Test section 5 Expected results for extreme data.Check that data just within range is accepted and stored Check that calculations using extreme data works Test section 6 Hard copy of representative samples of test runs Project stage 5 alimony Maintenance section 1 System overview Maintenance section 2 Summary of features used Maintenance section 3 -Sample of detailed algorithm design using a recognis ed methodology Maintenance section 4 Annotated listings of program code, macro code tailoring Maintenance section 5 Screenshots (Mainly from design view) Table screenshots.Reports screenshots Query screenshots Macros screenshots Visual basic code Maintenance section 6 List/description of package items developed Project stage 6 User manual User manual Brief entre User manual Samples of actual screen displays in situ User manual Samples of error messages and/or error recovery procedures Project stage 7 estimation Appraisal section 1 Comparison of project performance against objectives Evaluation of end-user requirements Evaluation of the qualitative criteria Evaluation of the quantitative criteria.

Media: Government Transparency And Accountability

Media Government Transp bency And AccountabilityThe media suffers signifi buttt roles in acting as a medium in transferring the information between the politics and the creation. The information that the commonplace received puzzle ability to play the perception and the decision making of the public. The media and the governing stick subject relationship. Each of them has an influence on individu totallyy other. However, the media, especially sassyspaper and video, be outlets that are standardizedly to be influenced, by either the policy-making science or occult interests. The preventive on the media whitethorn prevent the immunity of converseion provided by the democracy. These interventions good deal be counted as subversion. Corruption is one way to reflect government transparency and accountability.IntroductionIt is obviously seen that at one timeadays the media plays a very all-important(prenominal) role in the development of the commonwealth. The develo pment of the society, acculturation, economics, raising, or politics are imagineing on the media since the media act as a major instrument in transferring the information between different people in the society. The media can have a unfaltering influence to the people. What are written in the reciprocation of honorpaper, what are shown on the television, or what are spoken through the radio can smorgasbord the perception of the people.During the conviction when siamese connectionland was under the arbitrary monarchy system, media was a significant part that helped moving Tai society toward modernization. However, afterward Thailand changed to the representative system, the exemption of expression of the media was emphasized. Democracy can fly high only in societies where information and ideas can flow freely.The most accessible media in Thai society are newspaper and radio. However, the sources of media that are easy to magnetise by the government are the newspaper a s puff up as the television. We entrust then focus on these two outlets in our study.The print media, the early kind of media in Thai society, are modified to only small number of people in the early end. However, as time passed, the situation was changing. in that location were papers with criticisms around the ruling class and government officials, as well as papers that were provided with some entertainment features. The role of the press then changed from service of process the ruling class, government officials and foreigners to providing information for common Thai people. The newspaper sedulousness grew along with Thailands economic growth. However, Thailands economic crisis in 1997 was a time when newspaper industry was affected by the economic downturn.When we look at the newspaper business in Thailand today, it is obviously seen that the newspaper business has constantly become more than competitive. For the insouciant newspaper of Thai-language, the market dish outs are gained mostly by Thai Rath, accounted for 34per cent, and passing(a) News 19per cent. The two leading newspapers, Thai Rath and Daily News, are conservative in their policy-making disposition. For the Business Daily Newspaper, Krungthep Thurakit is the dominant player, contributing for 85per cent of the maket share, objet dart Puchadkarn and trademark Today are taken for the other 15 per cen. For the English Daily papers, Bangkok Post and the Nation are the two players, taking about 55 per cent and 45 per cent of the market share respectively.Still, in that location are political influences in the newspaper business. The government has ability to influence the news contents or to make adjustments that created the desirable situations for them. The politicians can directly give grafting or they can give something non in the form of money but in kind of gifts or other kind of influences.For example, according to Who Owns the Asian Media Thailand Media Report By Ubo nrat Siriyuvasak, during Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatras second term in 2005, the Bangkok Posts front-page report on an alleged crack on the runway of the new Suvarnabhumi airport. The time of the report was the time when the government was under the investigation by the Opposition company about the corruption of the constructing of the new airport. After the published of this report, the news editor, Chadin Thepwan was forced to resign by the Bangkok Post.This case showed that even though the government was not directly managed the newspaper or the news contents it could do something to influence the business to be according to its way.For the most-consumed media in Thailand, the television, 86 per cent of the Thai population watching TV on a daily basis. Previously, on that point are six television stations in Thailand which broadcast freely on air and nation-wide. Three of the channels Channels 5, 9, and 11, were operated by State operators, while the other three Channels 3, 7 and iTV are operated by private concessionaires. iTV or Independent Television, was launched in 1996 as the first television station that was not owned by the State. It seemed to provide independent and critical programs for the people as well as act as a voice of democracy. However, iTV is becoming more and more profit-oriented and after the economic crisis in 1997, the company faced massive debts and finally, Shin Corporation of Thaksin Shinawatra took over iTV in 2000 before the Thai Rak Thai Party won the election in January 2001.Since the Thai Rak Thai and Thaksins Shin Corporation were related, during the election campaign, the news agenda and the contents were micturate overled by the new executive team. Journalists who went against such(prenominal) interference were fired. As a result, the pro-Thai Rak Thai news campaign was one factor that led the party to win in the election. A survey by the ABAC poll showed that television news coverage was overwhelmingly biased towar ds Thaksin and his Thai Rak Thai governmentHowever, iTV, who was not able to pay back high debts after the crisis, was forced to stop broadcasting, now has continued broadcasting again under the Thai PBS name. Moreover, Channel 9 has been changed to MODERN 9 under the chaw Communication Organization of Thailand (MCOT) regulation Channel 11 to NBT and are under the Public dealing Department.Since media are the powerful sources of information, legion(predicate) sectors, including both the private and the government, are trying to gain control of the media in order to manage the information sent to the public. Because the media has the ability to influence people as well as government, the government who depends on media by using media to get into the people, is the one who wish to take control, as we have seen in the previous examples.Every day, the media reports political news, telling the present-day(prenominal) government movements and government actions that show people how th e government is dieing to help develop the country and solve the fusss. The credibility and the pic of the government are then depended on the information and the pictures that the media send out to the people. The government, therefore, urgencys to limit the information and take control of the media so that only the good things are presented to the public. As a result, many media are under the government intervention.From the measurement of transparency international the global coalition against corruption website, it shows that the corruption perceptions index (CPI) of Thailand, according to the survey in 2009, is about 3.4 and is ranked on 84th from 180 countries around the world. Since the government intervention in media is associated with the corruption, Thailand who claims to be governed by democracy may not be able to chuck we are governed by complete democracy.Thailand has been involved with the problem of corruption for long time ago, in the past people may not know nomenclature and its importance since the corruption might be embedded with Thai culture so that people get used to it or it was known in other names. The problem of corruption also relates to the administrative system of the country. From Sukhothaithe first era of Thailandup to the present, Thailand has been ruling by various forms of administrative systems depending on the influences or situations at the time so that the forms of administrative system are different in each era.We would like to talk about the administrative system in each era in order to make them as the basis for explaining corruption and how it came from.In Sukhothai era, the beginning era of Thailand, the administrative system was in the form of Father-Son or Paternalistic. King played a role as father while public played role as his children or family ruled in ranked pattern. It created good relationship among parties.After Sukhothai era exhausted its power, Ayutthaya era was replaced. The administrative wa s changed from Paternalistic to the Divine Rights system. This system was distinguishingly characterized as declares come into existence by deitys volition, God chooses the rulers of the states, and the rulers are responsible only to God. Divine Rights system was derived from Hindu influence, this system is unlike Father-Son system as it separated the rulers and public leading to different classes and privileges the public were under the control of the rulers. This form of administration gave King the absolute power causing the distance between King and public.After very long period of powerful, Ayutthaya era was eventually fall. Thonburi era had been replaced, since King Taksin aimed to collect power to build the new kingdom, the administrative system was not different from Ayutthaya era. After Thonburi era, the current era, Rattanakosin era, has flourished instead.For Rattanakosin era, we would like to divide the era into early and lately Rattanakosin because in the period of Ki ng Rama V, there was dramatically change in Thailands administrative system the abolishment of slavery, the information gestate, and the idea of reformation in administrative system to democracy. However, the idea of reformation to democracy was not shown up in the period of King Rama V, the idea has been conventional in Thailand and public began to participate in the administration. So,the administrative system in the early Rattanakosin before period of King Rama V still be the kindred as in Ayutthaya era.In the lately Rattanakosin era and after King Rama VII period, Thailand is governed by democracy up to the present.The Constitution of Thailand have been giving the freedom of expression to individual and the press since Thais ruling system was changed from absolute monarchy to democracy for almost 78 years, however, there have always been criticisms about the degree of freedom of expression of Individual and the press in Thai society since it came to associate with the governm ent. The media still has freedom, but now its freedom is decreasing as the government tries to put its hands in.The objective of this study is to combine theoretical, confirmable and other evidences in order to understand the relationships and their interactions among the media, the government and the public in Thailand. Understanding all these things will explain how media affect the transparency and the accountability of the Thai government.The role that the government plays in the media and the role that the media plays in the government are being interested progressively by the society in these recent days. in that locationfore, as part of the Thai society, we would like to focus on performance of the media and government, particularly the effects from media on government accountability and transparency occurred within Thailand.When government tries to control media, this can be considered as corruption, so, the corruption problems will be highlighted as they play role in ind icating the transparency of the government. As corruption can be categorized into private-to-private corruption and public corruption, our concentration will be only on public corruption according to the Legal Information Institute of Cornell University Law School, public corruption is defined as a government official, whether elected, appointed or hired, may break away federal law when he/she asks, demands, solicits, accepts, or agrees to receive anything of value in return for being influenced in the performance of their official duties, and the further use of word corruption refers to this. Corruption can be one indicator to point out government transparency and accountability as well as a degree of democracy. The study will include the corruption in election since the incumbents intervene on the media in order to present themselves in a positivistic ways, the intervention of the government on media in sense of taking ownership and capturing the media such as television and new spaper. We will mainly focus on television and newspaper as the representatives of all kinds of media. Looking at the ownership of the television station and the newspaper outlet, these can point out the degree of government intervention and media catch since media have influence on government.Still, our study has some comparisons in some particular parts with other countries in order to make our outline more clearly.Literature ReviewMatias Warsta (2004) described the overall frameworks about corruption problem in Thailand, as well as the suggestions for solving the problems. This empirical lit argues that the problem of corruption has been in Thailand for a long time and also deeply rooted as a part of Thai culture. The corruption problem has a great impact on the economic growth of a country. Warsta (2004) pointed out the relationships among government, media, and public in the corruption problem. Government tries to use its power to control media to get its desirable matter si nce media has ability to communicate as well as to influence the public which can affect their perceptions about the credibility and the image of government. there are many reasons for corruption shown in this literature. Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is referred as the measurement of perception of corruption ranked form 0 to 10 where 0 means a country seems totally corrupt and 10 means no corruption. As CPI 2009 shown, Thailand entitled to 84th rank on the list of 180 countries which is interpreted as equitably high. Free media is one of the characteristic of democracy which plays a significant role as the watchdog to agree that things are performed in the democratic way. However, government and politicians tend to increasingly get into the media by buying shares of the media or granting the money to media. Thailand attempts to reduce the problem of corruption by using various methods, but this literature gave the suggestion that in the long run Thailands key to success to r educe this problem is to reduce the huge cranny between the rich and the poor as this gap is the top of the corruption problem in Thailand.Besley and Prat (2005) developed a baseline position suggesting that there is a possibility for the government to capture media and therefore influence political outcomes. The model states that the media plays role in providing information for the voters in the time election. The voters use the ready(prenominal) information to make their voting decision. Besley and Prat (2005) show the relationship between media and political activities through the baseline model, which is a pure adverse selection model where the policy outcome is depended on the politicians type whether the politician is good, giving benefit to the voters, or bad, giving no benefit to the voters. The model is set up as a game, having two components, a bargaining game and an election game. The bargaining game between the media and the politician determines whether the media is an effective information provider or not, since the politicians have abilities to hide bad news by make an offer to the media outlets. Those who accept the offers suppress the signal about the bad politicians. When the media receives a transfer in convert for silence, the media is captured. On the other hand, the media is independent. The model and its extensions give number of predictions on the relationship between features of the media industry, media capture as well as political outcomes.John Zaller (1999) analyzes that the outcome of the media politics come from the goal-oriented and strategic behaviors. Zallers basic theoretical posture is that politicians, journalists, and citizens behave in ways that generally reflect individual goals and interests that in pursuing their various goals. He emphasizes the role of journalists, which the journalists have their own roles in acting as a voice of the politicians to communicate with voters. However, they can choose what to report. The journalists can add or reduce something before reporting in the news. The politicians also want the space about themselves in a good way in the news as well. This then create conflict between politicians and journalists for the control of the news. They are struggling to control news content within constraints set by the mass audience. denomination 19 (2005) described the background of Thailand in many aspects, the history of media in Thailand, the media situation. All these provide good fundamental understanding about the media in Thailand. The empirical literature suggested that for the media to protect their freedom of expression, it is necessary that the media should be permitted to operate independently without the control from the government. This necessity should be held when the media claimed to have freedom of expression to ensure that the media play role as the watchdog and also serve the public interests. This literature argued that, for people, to understand the med ia in Thailand, they have to go far beyond the understanding of their guide as the communicator among participants in the society, they have to bear in mind that the media are the business associations who seek for the profits from their self-interest. The literature has categorized the media ownership into the state-owned media and the private media. There are statistical shown that television and radio are the most accessible media among Thai public. Freedom of expression is also supported by Ubonrat Siriyuvasak (2006). The empirical compend criticizes the lack of freedom in the media business in the recent year. Ubonrat provides the statistical data about the ownerships of the media, including the state and private ownerships of the radio and television stations, as well as the ownership of the newspaper. This literature criticizes the aim to control the media by the government, especially in the time of Thaksin and his Thai Rak Thai government. Since during the Thaksin governm ent, there were many changed took place including the change in media business, the paper then gives evidences of how the media outlet, especially, the newspaper and the television, were influenced by the government power. The question of who really own the media was emphasized by the author.Chapter 3 AnalysisSince Thailand is governed under the democratic system, with democracy, it allows the equality, well(p)s, and freedom to people in the society people can enjoy all these things as long as they do not violate the others in the society. The provision of rights and freedom are in many aspects freedom of expression is one of those aspects that relates to our paper. People in the democratic society can freely express what they think.In some societies, an opposing and unfriendliness relationship between media and government represents a vital and healthy element of fully functioning democratic system. However, the media and government depend on each others. Sometimes the media overl aps other functional areas of democracy and governance.Since the government nowadays can do some media managements or even can capture the media, the goal of media development should be to move the media from one that is directed or even controlled by government or private interests, to one that is more able and has a degree of editorial independence that serves the public interest.Many different kinds of mass media can create transparency. But the dominant medium of political intercourse and hence the dominant medium of political transparency is television. When we use television to understand politics, we see things in the way that television allows us to see. Television can create new forms of political reality that exist because they are seen on television.Television tends to emphasise entertainment value. People tend to interest in the entertain things. The more entertaining news is more likely to survive in the broadcast world. Therefore, most television programs, public eve nts, politics, and even law, are made to see the attention of the viewers by entertaining them. They will launch the programs and present the news in the way that they think can catch the viewers. In the political news, television coverage of politics tends to focus less on substantive policy issues than on the other interesting news such as the inner stories about strategy and achieving political advantage. People tend to be interested on the issue of who the winner is and how they achieve their victory. These kinds of news tend to dominate in the television.Since the media, especially the television can portray the political issues in the ways it preferred, this affect the politicians as well as the government. Politicians and government understand that media become an important tool to influence the people and to retain their power. They therefore want to make sure that those things on the television are beneficial for their image and for the political situation.There are numbe r of ways that the politicians and the government can influence the political contents in the media. Being part of the media can made it easier for them to influence the political contents. The ownership of the media, especially the television stations, is often under the state ownership. The state ownership of the media increases the likelihood that the media are being captured.Media ownerships are ranged from the private ownership to the state ownership. In theory, media ownership can be categorized into 2 groups State-owned media, which often view information as a public commodity to be protected against a private sector monopoly in the public interest and Private media, which, although they may distort information under the influence of political parties or mercenary pressures, are at least not government controlled. There are laws and regulations that established to support for the independent of the media.The new Broadcast Act requires that all radio and TV stations be subje ct to license. Thai television channels remain under the tight control of various government agencies. remand 1 Owners and operators of Thai Television channelsTV channelOwnerOperatorChannel 3MCOTBangkok Entertainment Co. Ltd.Channel 5 august Thai ArmyRoyal Thai ArmyChannel 7Royal Thai ArmyBangkok Broadcasting Television Company (BBTV)Modernine TV (MCOT)MCOTMCOTtheme Broadcasting Services of Thailand (NBT)Governments Public Relations Department (PRD)Governments Public Relations Department (PRD)Thai Public Broadcast Station or TPBS (TPBS)Governments Public Relations Department (PRD)PrivateChannel 3 is owned by MCOT a former state enterprise under the ownership of government and the Royal Thai Army. It is operated by Bangkok Entertainment Co. Ltd. a subsidiary company of BEC World Public Co. Ltd., under contract. Channel 5 is both owned and operated by the Royal Thai Army. Channel 7 is owned by the Royal Thai Army and operated by the Bangkok Broadcasting Television Company (BBTV) un der contract. Modernine TV or MCOT is both owned and operated by MCOT. National Broadcasting Services of Thailand (NBT) owned and operated by the governments Public Relations Department (PRD) of the Prime Ministers Office, and TPBS, previously iTV, is now a privately run independent TV station. TPBS is free from government control or influence, with its budget financed by sin tax. It is less likely to get any intervention from politicians or state power.According to table 1 showing the owners and operators of Thai television channels, the broadcast media are entirely owned by the state. However, the state has the ability to give concessions to the private operators in a limited number. The concessions were often given on a privileged patronage relationship. Those who had political powers or have connections with the concessionaries would have the priority to get the concessions which are given either in the short-term or in the long-term. As a result of the limited concessions, the state and a small number of media corporations have monopolized the channel on the rights and freedom of information and conversation, for which ideas and culture are distributed. Moreover, since the state owns most of the countrys television stations, no broadcasting about corruption are not unusual.Not only the television can be bribed or influenced, the newspaper can be in the same situation as well. For the newspaper industry in Thailand, they are strongly owned by a single family or small groups of investors who share familial relationship, or a publishing group. Even they are privately owned, not being captured because of the state ownership, they can still be influenced as well.Table 2 Owner of Thai NewspapersNewspaperOwnerThai RathVacharaphol FamilyDaily NewsHetrakul FamilyKhao SodMatichon Pcl, a publishing groupKom Chad LuekNation Multimedia convocationKrungthep TurakijNation Multimedia GroupPost TodayPost Publishing PclPhoojadkarn DailyManager Media Group.Bangkok PostChi rathivat family, the South China Morning Post of Hong Kong, GMM Grammy Pcl.The Nation-Nation Multimedia GroupEach newspaper has its own political stance, and they serve different group of readers. However, even the newspapers in Thailand are privately owned, they can still be under the political pressure as well. Being under the pressure, newspapers then have the ability to present the news contents in which bias toward government or against the government, depending on who pressure them. In addition to the direct political pressure, if the owner of the newspaper is interested in which side or political groups, he is more likely to accept the bribery. The side they take depends heavily on sponsorship by and private relationships developed between the newspaper and authoritative individuals or groups. Bribery can be in form of money and non-money, even though, the owner does not get money in order to support that side, he is still willing to receive the bribe in form of the special privilege or some kind of protections.. If the government or the politicians want the news to present information that is desirable for them, they can choose to pressure or bribe them. We can see that there is still a stake for the politicians or the government to influence the news.Most of media in Thailand are subjected to the influence of either government or groups of people. For the television, most of the channels belong to the state, indicating the lack of freedom of expression and the ability to influence outcome. For newspaper, the influence comes in form of bribery rather taking ownership. The state will get into the media, trying to manage their working process. It can arrange the information received and released by the media in order to control the information to be in its desirable outcome. With this action of state, the information is distorted, some truths are not revealed. The benefits of the distortion or the concealment will fall into hands of a group of people, not the whole. Thus, the intervention of state on the media is not desirable outcome for the society as a whole and it is inefficiency. Therefore, this is the way that can lead to the corruption problem.Corruption problem is one of the major issues in Thailand which tends to be more important through time. This does not mean that in the past Thailand had no corruption. Actually, the problem of corruption has been rooted in Thailand for ages but it may not be concerned or realized much as in the present. The possible reason is that the administrative system in the past gave absolute power to the king, the gap between king and public was quite large and classes in the society were existed. Moreover, people had no ability to make decisions in all kind of things, in other words, they had no rights and freedom in their own life.Since the administrative system of Thailand has changed to democracy and the country has developed, things have been improved especially the communication that te nds to be more advanced. Because of rights and freedom people are allowed to enjoy especially the freedom in expressing opinion, so what people perform will have more opportunity to be revealed to public for them to realize unlike in the past that there was no freedom, thats why things were kept as with those who were relevant while the public could not know the truth at that time.Corruption problem that has been in Thailand for a long time arises to be recognized and people also start to realize that it is bad thing since it is extremely destroying the pattern of interaction for the society as a whole, it also creates the distortion and inefficiency in economic development, so the country cannot develop to its highest or even expected position with this constraint.Furthermore, corruption in Thailand may come from many possible reasons including low salaries of public servants, low education of people, big financial gaps between social classes, lacking transparency of governance, u nstable political situation, lack of democracy, lack of freedom of word, heavy bureaucracy, and centralized power. However, in this paper, we will scope the reasons to the lack of transparency of governance, the lack of democracy, and the lack of democracy.In democratic society, people can participate in governing the country by electing the representatives to work and serve their interests. People can choose their representatives through election holding the principle of majority voting, in other words, those who get the highest voting will be the representatives. However, we can see that Thailand does not govern by complete democracy Thailand is governed by semi-democracy, the possible reasons may come from many aspects such as culture that make the country cannot be governed by complete democracy. However, we are not able to judge whether complete democracy is suitable for Thailand because the country may have constraints or facts that the complete democracy cannot be used.Furthe rmore, the corruption problem can have great impact on transparency and accountability of the government as well as the image of the country.One of measure of transparency and accountability of government can be shown by election. Media provide information to public which influence their decision making in voting. Politicians may present themselves by using media since media can reach the majority of people. Moreover, as politicians desire to win the election, positive image is necessary, so they need desirable information to be sent out to public. The possible way to reach the target is bribery.As Thailand is governed by democracy system, the right in freedom of expression is provided to both public as well as the media. Thus, the interventions from government and politicians in the media companies contradict to their providing right. Moreover, such interv