Having a First Year Marriage Baby Free Essays

Another child unavoidably moves the parity of your relationship. For some this is a positive move, however for some others it can raise a scope of testing issues. An infant makes a huge difference as is commonly said. We will compose a custom paper test on Having a First Year Marriage Baby or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now In the event that several has a solid marriage before having youngsters, odds are it will stay accordingly, if not fortify because of the bond between the couple who should now parent together. In the event that a couple’s relationship was powerless, it is possible that they will develop increasingly far off after a child is tossed in with the general mish-mash, or by and by, the obligation of being guardians will unite them. Truth be told, as opposed to the prevalent view that having an infant brings couples nearer, concentrates on marriage regularly show that having youngsters prompts a diminishing in conjugal fulfillment and joy. One of the negative ways an infant influences marriage is the measure of time and vitality she requires from her folks. A parent who thinks about this requesting human day and night may have minimal left to offer their mate. The absence of closeness that can result and cause hatred on one or the two sides can be devastating. First of all, couples have around 33% the time together as they did before the introduction of their kid, and they have included monetary obligations. One thing that will change is your discussions. You will find that you are speaking less about recent developments and progressively about future occasions This is unquestionably not to state that having a youngster implies your marriage is damned. What it implies is you should set aside the effort to think about and support your marriage, regardless of whether you’re a parent as of now or before long arrangement to be. The most effective method to refer to Having a First Year Marriage Baby, Papers

The Importance of Drinking Water free essay sample

The Importance of Drinking Water It sounds so basic. H20 two sections hydrogen and one section oxygen. This substance is otherwise called water. Water is imperative to the mechanics of the human body. Water in the human body speak to around 50-60% of body weight in grown-ups and 75% of the body of an infant. The three focuses that we will take a gander at are: 1. What do we need water for? 2. How much water do we have to drink? 3. What occurs on the off chance that we don't drink enough water? Change: First, you will realize why our body needs this significant fluid. 1. What do we need water for? Water is vital for the entire body to work: Water controls internal heat level, greases up joints, eyes, nose and mouth, ensures body organs and tissues, enables processing, to forestall constipation,prevents urinary diseases and bearer supplements and oxygen to cells. We need water for to keep the skin hydrated and our cerebrum attempting to its full limit. We will compose a custom paper test on The Importance of Drinking Water or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Progress: Now you know why our body needs water. Let’s proceed by talking about how much water we have to drink. 2. How much water do we have to drink? The body needs on normal three liters of fluid daily. Two liters of fluid ought to be comprised of water or different liquids, while one liter of water as a rule originates from the food that we eat. It is prescribed to drink from 6 to 8 glasses every day for grown-ups and 4 to 6 glasses for every day for Children. Progress: Now you know about how much water our body needs, however what occurs on the off chance that we don’t drink enough water? Let’s proceed. 3. What occurs on the off chance that we don't drink enough water? On the off chance that we dont drink enough, lack of hydration results, would which be able to cause constant sicknesses, for example, kidney issues, heart issues or hypertension. The main indication of drying out is the general inclination of being extremely parched. As the body keeps on losing water, our day by day life can be influenced. The absence of water will influence the manner in which we work including our fixation. We can start to encounter weariness and general body shortcoming, the joints start to throb and we experience issues and stoppage. Without water, we can get unsteady and get cerebral pains. Remotely, the skin loses it’s solid sparkle; hair and nails become delicate and pale. In the event that we dont drink enough water, lack of hydration can prompt increasingly genuine ailment or demise. Progress: We are currently mindful of the significance of drinking water and why our bodies need this fundamental fluid. We know the measure of water that our body needs and the outcomes on the off chance that we don't drink enough water . All in all, the human body can't work without water, similarly as a vehicle can't run without gas and oil. Truth be told, all the cells and organ works that make up our body rely upon water for their working.

Application Agita Avoid Deadline Stress COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Application Agita Avoid Deadline Stress COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The admission deadline at SIPA is very important.   All documents need to be submitted on time in order for us to guarantee review of an application.   The deadline for fall 2010 admission is January 5th, 2010. Applicants have almost total control of the majority of the required documents; however there are two particular documents each year that a few applicants consistently have difficulty with around our deadline.   Like clockwork we receive emails from panicked applicants each year around the deadline concerning recommendations and transcripts.     Let me give you samples of two emails from the past application cycle. Email One: Help!!!!!!   The deadline is only a few days away and I just learned that one of the people writing a letter of recommendation had to leave the country and he will not be able to complete it for me.   I have been planning on attending SIPA for a long time and now I am afraid that my chances are in jeopardy.   I cannot see a way that I can contact another recommendation writer in time.   I am so sorry, will you please help me?   What can I do? Email Two: URGENT.   I wanted to make you aware of a situation I face that I hope will not eliminate me from admission consideration.   I just contacted the Registrar’s Office at my University and I got a message back saying they are closed for the holidays.   They will not reopen until after the SIPA deadline has passed.   What can I do?   Does this mean my application will not be reviewed? In exceptional cases the Admissions Committee may be willing to process an application that is completed after the deadline, but with hundreds of people applying each year we want to make sure that those that complete their application on time are given priority in the admission process. I therefore highly recommend that applicants pay particular attention to keeping in contact with those composing letters of recommendation as well as obtaining copies of transcripts as early as possible.   SIPA will accept unofficial copies of transcripts for admission consideration and we prefer that the transcripts be uploaded via the application site. Avoiding complications regarding the submission of these documents will help to alleviate stress around the application deadline and submitting your documents in advance of the deadline will allow us to forward your application to the Admissions Committee without complication.

Oedipus As A Tragic Hero - 1094 Words

In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus struggles to accept the truth and lets his temper over power him. He can be displayed as a tragic hero. His refusal to accept the truth led to Oedipus’ down fall. A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, â€Å"is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction.† Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus unknowingly has cursed the entire town of Thebes. He was cursed to kill his father and marry his mother but never knew who his true parents were. In result of him escaping from the town he was sent off to, he did exactly that without knowing who his parents were. This cursed the city because the killer of the†¦show more content†¦In conclusion, Oedipus’ is excessively proud in himself but that will eventually lead to his downfall that will label him as a tragic hero. Aristotle even claims Oedipus to be the ideal tragic hero in Greek tragedy. Sophocles supports the way that Aristotle defines a tragic hero through the character of Oedipus form his Oedipus the King. In the Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King, Oedipus struggles to accept the truth and he lets his temper over power him. Throughout the tragedy, he displays all the necessary elements to be categorized as a tragic hero as defined by Aristotle. His refusal to accept the truth led to Oedipus’ downfall. A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, â€Å"is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction.† Based off this definition, Sophocles’ Oedipus clearly exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. In the Greek play, Oedipus unknowingly has cursed the entire town of Thebes. He was cursed to kill his father and marry his mother but never knew who his true parents were. As a result of him escaping from the town he was sent off to, he did exactly what was prophesied, killing his own father and marrying his mother, without knowing who his parents were. His father was the king andShow MoreRelatedOedipus As A Tragic Hero1506 Words   |  7 PagesA true hero does not merely wear a cape, but this individual possesses admirable characteristics. A hero inspires the people around him and he is honorable. Heroes influential individuals from fairytale stories and myths of a real-life hero. Yet, none of these influential people are perfect. The tragic hero is clearly defined by Aristotle as being a person of admirable character, yet completely human with noticeable flaws. Moreover, this individual is not exempt from suffering. In Sophocles’ tragicRead MoreOedipus-a Tragic Hero706 Wor ds   |  3 PagesRunning head: Oedipus-A Tragic Hero Research Paper ENGL 102: Literature and Composition) Fall 2015 Melinda Meeds L26683811 APA Outline Thesis: In Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus†, Oedipus is exemplified as a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s definition because his story appeals to the reader’s humanity in the way he maintains his strengths after inadvertently causing his own downfall. I. Oedipus A. The noble birth. B. Describe Oedipus’ character. II. Tragedy A. DescribeRead MoreIs Oedipus A Tragic Hero?1167 Words   |  5 Pages2014 Is Oedipus a tragic hero? Aristotle, Ancient Greek philosopher whom did a lot of philosophizing, he believed in a logical reality. Aristotle’s objective was to come up with a universal process of reasoning that would allow man to learn every imaginable thing about reality. The initial process involved describing objects based on their characteristics, states of being and actions. Aristotle once said A man doesn t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall†. Oedipus was a mythicalRead MoreOedipus the Tragic Hero1390 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus; The Tragic Hero In the Fourth Century BC, a famous philosopher named Aristotle wrote about the qualities that a tragic hero must possess. Ever since that time, there have been many examples of tragic heroes in literature. None of those characters, however, display the tragic hero traits quite as well as Oedipus, the main character from the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. Oedipus is, without a doubt, the absolute quintessence of a tragic hero. His example shines as clear as a sunny summerRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1724 Words   |  7 Pagesstory of Oedipus, Oedipus is considered a â€Å"Tragic Hero† because of the tragic fate and effect that he had upon his life. My definition of a tragedy is a great loss that has a unhappy ending to which concluded me to state that Oedipus falls under that category. Throughout the book, Oedipus is leading himself to his own destruction when trying to find the killer of the late King Laios. So when a journal article I found published by The John Hopk ins University Press stated that a â€Å"tragic hero is a manRead MoreOedipus, A Tragic Hero1648 Words   |  7 Pages Oedipus, a Tragic Hero Bob Livingston Liberty University â€Æ' Sophocles presented the world with Oedipus around 2500 years ago. Never-the-less, the story remains among the most riveting of all time. He was, in fact, a man that was driven by a very high internal moral standard. It was that internal moral standard that ultimately entwined him in a sequence of events and circumstances that placed him in the spousal relationship with his mother. Oedipus, in fact, can truly be regarded as a tragic heroRead MoreOedipus a Tragic Hero1516 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus A Tragic Hero English 102 Literature and Composition Summer B 2011 Terry Garofolo 22816762 APA Sophocles presented the world with Oedipus around 2500 years ago. Never-the-less, the story remains among the most riveting of all time. Unfortunately, today when we hear the mention of the name Oedipus we place negative connotations around it. Oedipus, after all, had an unnatural sexual relationship with his own mother! In actuality, however, this relationship emerged entirely innocentlyRead MoreOedipus, a Tragic Hero?2158 Words   |  9 PagesOedipus, a Tragic Hero? Elizabeth Howell English 102- B33 Professor Katie Robinson Liberty University October 12, 2012 Oedipus, a Tragic Hero? Thesis: Using Aristotle’s five different descriptions of a tragic hero, we will show that Oedipus in Oedipus the King is in fact a tragic hero and how his decisions led to his downfall. Outline: I. Introduction and Thesis Statement II. Is the character of noble birth? A. King of Thebes B. Real father was king III. Though the tragic heroRead MoreOedipus, A Tragic Hero1832 Words   |  8 Pagesmany others will likely fade away. Oedipus Rex is a tragic tale set in Ancient Greece. Greek thinker, Aristotle, said there were certain elements that would make a person qualified as a â€Å"tragic hero.† (Adade-Ywboah, Ahenkora Amankwah, 2012). We think of heroes being larger than life, possessing impeccable honor, integrity, strong leadership and having the higher moral ground. However, tragic heroes are different; they are imperfect and will inevitably face a tragic downfall. Per Aristotle, there areRead MoreOedipus the Tragic Hero754 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Oedipus the King we identify the classic tragic hero. The character Oedipus Rex plays the role of the tragic hero perfectly. He shows the three main characteristics being talented and of noble birth, possessing a tragic flaw that causes the downfall and pain of everyone, and the recognition of responsibility. Oedipus’s first characteristic of being a tragic hero is being talented and of noble birth. Oedipus was talented because during his journey to runaway form his curse, the oracle

Bathos Definition and Examples

Bathos is an insincere and/or excessively sentimental demonstration of pathos. The adjective is bathetic. The term bathos may also refer to an abrupt and often ludicrous transition in style from the elevated to the ordinary. As a critical term, bathos was first used in English by poet Alexander Pope in his satirical essay On Bathos: Of the Art of Sinking in Poetry (1727). In the essay, Pope solemnly assures his readers that he intends to lead them as it were by the hand . . . the gentle downhill way to Bathos; the bottom, the end, the central point, the non plus ultra of true modern poesy. Etymology From the Greek, depth. Examples and Observations Bathos . . . is a negative term used when writers have tried so hard to make their readers cry—loading misery on sadness—that their work seems contrived, silly, and unintentionally funny. Soap opera has that effect when you read a synopsis of all the complexities that beset people in a single episode.(Jerome Stern, Making Shapely Fiction. W.W. Norton, 2000)True bathos requires a slight interval between the sublime and the ridiculous.(Christopher Hitchens, review of Flauberts unfinished novel, Bouvard et PÃ ©cuchet. The New York Times, January 22, 2006)The Tay Bridge Disaster by William McGonagallIt must have been an awful sight,To witness in the dusky moonlight,While the Storm Fiend did laugh, and angry did bray,Along the Railway Bridge of the Silv’ry Tay,Oh! ill-fated Bridge of the Silv’ry Tay,I must now conclude my layBy telling the world fearlessly without the least dismay,That your central girders would not have given way,At least many sensible men do say,Had they been supported on each side with buttresses,At least many sensible men confesses,For the stronger we our houses do build,The less chance we have of being killed.(Knight of the White Elephant of Burmah William McGonagall, The Tay Bridge Disaster, 1880)If it were known . . . that William McGonagall intended his bathetic doggerel The Tay Bridge Disaster to be a parody of sentimental poetry—i.e. to be deliberately bad and exaggerated—the work might be reassessed as witty and amusing. The argument might be that only when we know what kind of work it is intended to be, can we evaluate.(Patricia Waugh, Literary Theory And Criticism: An Oxford Guide. Oxford University Press, 2006)Richard Nixons Checkers speechI should say this—that Pat doesnt have a mink coat. But she does have a respectable Republican cloth coat. And I always tell her that shed look good in anything.One other thing I probably should tell you because if we dont theyll probably be saying th is about me too. We did get something—a gift—after the election. A man down in Texas heard Pat on the radio mention the fact that our two youngsters would like to have a dog. And, believe it or not, the day before we left on this campaign trip we got a message from Union Station in Baltimore saying they had a package for us. We went down to get it. You know what it was?It was a little cocker spaniel dog in a crate that hed sent all the way from Texas. Black and white spotted. And our little girl—Tricia, the six-year-old—named it Checkers. And you know, the kids, like all kids, love the dog, and I just want to say this right now, that regardless of what they say about it, were gonna keep it.(Richard M. Nixon, Checkers Speech, September 23, 1952)Sentimentality and gratuitous moralizingBathos presents a victim in maudlin, sentimental, and melodramatic action. . . . Bathos presents gratuitous moralizing, but there is nothing to learn and no dimension. It was popular at the height (some would say the depth) of Victoriana but is out of fashion and repellent to modern audiences. Bathos still exists in the melodramatic potboiler, but for the most part, modern readers dont want a story milked or moralized. They want it told with restraint, clarity, and artistry, and they want to make their own judgment and interpretation.(Paula LaRocque, The Book on Writing: The Ultimate Guide to Writing Well. Marion Street Press, 2003)The Lighter Side of Bathos: Bad VerseO Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face,Careering along through the boundaries of space,The thought has often come into my mindIf I shall ever see thy glorious behind.(A Housemaid Poet, quoted by D.B. Wyndham Lewis and Charles Lee in The Stuffed Owl: An Anthology of Bad Verse, 1930)

What Everybody Else Does When It Comes to Essay Samples about Myself and What You Should Be Doing Different

What Everybody Else Does When It Comes to Essay Samples about Myself and What You Should Be Doing Different The Fight Against Essay Samples about Myself Drafting and planning together with researching should be done in order to have a simple writing. You want to finish your analysis before you start writing otherwise you can't achieve success to complete excellent work. Keep in mind that, a great essay takes an excellent grip and comprehension of the writing process. After that, a well-written essay demands an excellent grasp and comprehension of the writing process. The samples will provide you with ideas on the way you answer the questions provided to you. At times, it's possible to just get up and leave. Shipping a few of items, especially from another nation, is much pricier than making the bigger shipments bricks-and-mortar retailers order. The school you've been dreaming of for your entire life is only an essay away. Some individuals have the capacity of great wri ting but find it problematic to work on confusing topics so it's much better to request assistance from a specialist. One of the absolute most important things I've learned throughout the last few years is that important questions are supposed to be asked over and over again. Make sure you have specific topic in your thoughts because general subject area isn't going to help you. The usage of persuasive essay examples is a great way to prepare to compose a successful essay. It is preferable to look at the guidelines for drawn-out essay as you get advice on what you want to prevent. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you may wish to argue is a great start. The wording has to be clear and concise. A great essay should have essential points. If writing is essential for you when you read, you can begin with an outline draft first where you mention the most crucial points. Don't pitch an investigative piece in case you don't f ind out how to start reporting it. If you wish to receive a high score in your essay, do your very best to present new suggestions and support your opinions. Details of Essay Samples about Myself Any company which you are evaluating should supply you with adequate samples of their writing history. The strict guidelines and structure make common language in addition to common means of thinking between different researchers that makes it simpler for others to make their paper, whether it's extended essay, article or research paper. Make certain that it is error-free one of the most typical explanations for why an application is rejected is since it is poorly written. What you should do is to explore the topic. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay Sometimes educational institutions wish to find out more than just your career targets. You need to make sure that your thesis isn't difficult to identify. Students should be quite thorough in their research in order to spot the most suitable essay writing firms. Finding a perspective student seeking to college application essays ought to be a college application essay. In the end, make certain you properly cite you sources. Paraphrasing implies retelling some points from the original source in your words, you've got to demonstrate that you understood the material and not simply copy the info you hear or read. Another thing to think about regarding sample essay is that if you're fortunate enough to find one which is in the subject range that you're targeting, you can look at it not just for its structure but also for its content. The essay will test the student wisdom and ability in answering the questions together with analyzing the situation. Using Essay Samples about Myself Keep in mind, all type of activities you're speaking about in the essay must be associated with the scholarship program. Within the body, you have to have three to four ideas. There are lots of students who are having a difficult time on it not only since they will need to fulfill the strict guidelines, but they have to make sure that they limit their creativity. You don't need to be stress with the essay as you can complete it on the most suitable moment.

Feelings can twist reality in the most peculiar ways in David Wagoners poetic work The Best Slow Dancer Essay Example For Students

Feelings can twist reality in the most peculiar ways in David Wagoners poetic work The Best Slow Dancer Essay Feelings can twist reality in the most peculiar ways. Emotions push the mind to the most stunning conclusions, and stir within the soul the strangest storms. In fact, senses reach their peak in David Wagoners poetic work The Best Slow Dancer. In the poem, Wagoner brings out the height of sentiment through the eyes of a teenage boy at a school dance, who overcomes the teenage social hierarchy and his own fear to share in the longed-for dance with one special girl. All the while Wagoner takes his readers into depths of wafting dreaminess, romance, and intimacy they are projected through an unbroken flow of words uninterrupted by punctuation, rhythm, or strict lines. The Best Slow Dancer portrays the mental state of a boy as he experiences a dance. It is a short dance, but one that seems to him prolonged for an eternity, the three-second rule forever/ suspended. The feelings that go through the youths soul range from extreme delight to just as extreme tension, and the reader may see them all exhibited in the lines of the poem. His surety when with the girl in his embrace is seen when his countless feet light-footed sure to move as they wished wherever might stagger without her, but then he triedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to tell her the worst one, the worst of the boys, the one that she would not be seen dead withà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ which implies that he is fearful of the fact that she might reject him, not waving a sister somebody elses partner. The full textual image demonstrates that the boy is with all his heart trying to impress the girl, and gets the dance with her against all odds of popularity and such, and then he treasures the experience, as he says to himself remember at the end. All throughout The Best Slow Dancer, the key ingredient to the image within the readers mind is the mood set by the poem. The mood is mystical, quixotic, intimate, and continual. This state is accomplished by three techniquesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ poetic devices, turns of phrase, and contortion of syntax. The main pair of poetic devices that set up all these moods and humors simultaneously are enjambment and synecdoche. Enjambment is bizarre in this poetic work, especially in descriptions of physical setting or position, such as the setting of the dance, in the school gym across the key through the glitter/ of mirrored light, or the position of the main character with his cheek against her temple, her ear just under/ that. This gives the effect of flow, with no pauses and prompts to go on disregarding the line breaks, as if the poem was one continuous sentence. Synecdoche, meanwhile, is used very lavishly in this piece of poetry, to give the impression of romance and intimacy. Instead of just stating blatantly that the boy was close in body to the girl, it describes them in body parts, as in the metaphor the question mark of spine your hand in hers, and as the boy moved from thigh to secrets to breast, which implies something private linguistically as well. Along with poetic devices, language usage is a necessity for mood portrayal, as we see with the lack of punctuation that, as with the enjambment, is against accepted grammatical rules and also prompts one to continue to read the poem without pause, as is seen in the description of who the boy is not: The one in the hallway after class the scuffler The double club foot gawker the mouth breather With the wrong haircut who would never kiss her. .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca , .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .postImageUrl , .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca , .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca:hover , .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca:visited , .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca:active { border:0!important; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca:active , .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1963d94fe082f54f98ae11f6a829f8ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social work EssayAlso, there are frequent references to school gym setting, such as the key and three-second rule, both sports terms, which may refer to the young age of the characters in this poem, as well as references to possible occurrences of the girl dancing off with someone else because the someone else was better, older more clever smoother dreamier, which produces the nervous hope of the poem as well. The Best Slow Dancer, in its fanciful mood and emotional exaltation, may well be examined for meaning beyond the literal words within the textà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ namely topics such as hierarchy, societal class, and relationship issues. In this poem, the teenage ladder of popularity has to be overcome by the youth to dance with the girl, for it can be implied that the girl is definitely popular, as well as fickle when it comes to serious love. Evidence of this fact can be derived from the anxiety of the hero of the poem, as he tries to get the girl to see him as better than the worst, and to see that he loves her. He is worried, too, about the possibility of the girl escaping him with somebody superior in every way to him, where again can be used the description of that someoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  older more clever smoother dreamier. Besides simply teen understanding of popularity, this situation demonstrates avid divisions of class. Society became divided into classes ever since the advent of agriculture and trade, and it persists in the ranks of todays young peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ones place on the staircase of prestige based on age, wealth, and outward appearance mostly. Along with societys sets and brackets that separate people into type comes the taboo of certain topics in everyday life and conversation. Reverting to the part of The Best Slow Dancer where the boys other hand is touching the place between her shoulders and where he moved from thigh to secrets to breast, these may be analyzed as dealing with the more personal aspects of the female body, as implied especially by the word secrets. When such things are mentioned, there must be more some sort of important connection between the people involved, in this case the dancing boy and girl. Exploration leads to believe that the boy is taking most any means that he can to show the girl how much he loves her, and how daring he is to prove himself though this be only a school dance in the school gym across the key. This poem masterfully portrays emotions. It has philosophical traces, linguistic skill and strange but effective use of figurative language as well. The rapture and at the same time anxiety can be traced to the very thoughts of David Wagoner. The triumph over obstacles, breach of all sorts of boundaries, sensuality, and originality involved in this work culminate to form the statement of love, soul, and feeling that will persevere into the future with the youth of today.

Ch 2 The Cost of Production Essay Example

Ch 2: The Cost of Production Paper The theory of production presented above showed how a firm may select inputs to produce a given output at minimum cost. In this section we will now refine this understanding of cost by clarifying what economic costs are, and their constituent components. This can help understand the short and long term dimensions of production decisions, the effects of learning and more clearly see how different industries’ cost structures can profoundly influence production decisions with different returns to scale. This is particularly relevant for understanding the nature of technological change within the neoclassical model as technology is conceived as operating by lowering costs. Underpinning the neoclassical analysis of the firm is that operational managers should take a forward looking view of costs and calculate how they can rearrange resources in the future to lower costs and improve profitability. In contrast to a retrospective view of simply the explicit costs of operations, such as wages, rent Figure 2.4 The production function and the cost of materials, an ‘economic’ perspective endeavours to focus attention on opportunity costs; or the costs foregone by not putting a firm’s resources to the highest value use (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 1992:198). Explicit costs are still important as well, because they involve opportunity costs – for example, wages are the opportunity cost of labour inputs purchased in a competitive market. However, opportunity costs can also differ from such explicit costs. For example, consider a manager who runs her own business, but does not pay herself a salary. Although no monetary cost transaction has transpired, the firm nevertheless incurs an opportunity cost because the owner could have earned a competitive salary by working elsewhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Ch 2: The Cost of Production specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ch 2: The Cost of Production specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ch 2: The Cost of Production specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This notion is also essential for investment banks – the so-called brains of the capitalist system – in how they allocate resources between different projects such as renewable energy versus fossil fuel projects. It is not so important that a project is able to earn a positive return for a given level of risk over and above what the bank can earn by borrowing at low rates from the central bank. Bankers, if they do their job properly, will scour the economy looking for projects which maximise this rate of return, seeking out the best projects, thereby allocating resources in the most effective way across the economy. A tension of course has arisen recently in the context of the financial crisis in how well bankers do this job – or whether in fact they are more focused on choosing the projects that maximise their own remuneration which many argue has become disconnected from them achieving their social function in allocating capital (Kay, 2012). Just as opportunity costs might not embody financial transfers but should be taken into account in economic decision making, sunk costs embody financial costs, but should not be taken into account. A sunk cost is an expenditure which has already been made but cannot be recovered. For example, if a piece of specialised plant or equipment has no alternative use, then its opportunity cost is zero and it should not be included in the firms’ current or future costs. While in general, capital costs include not just the upfront purchase and running the machinery but also the wear and tear to that asset which occurs over time – in theory, the sunk cost component of the investment should not affect current investment decisions. In practice, however, they often exert a strong influence over decisions and can contribute to path dependency – the tendency of some decisions once taken to make other similar decisions more likely. This has given rise to the concept of stranded a ssets and has especially been the focus of research related to decisions to extend the operating life of a nuclear power plants (De Bont and Makhija, 1987). This is another area where the common assumptions underpinning decision-making under the standard approach have been called into question. For instance, while it may be useful pedagogical tool to separate ‘explicit’ and ‘opportunity’ costs in textbooks, in practice, some economic practitioners may be just as backwards looking, especially as most economic forecasts are constructed on past performance. This has given rise to the counter movement of behavioural finance, in order to reinject a sense of realism back into financial and economic management. With this more detailed understanding of what is meant by ‘cost’ – we can now move onto describe its constituent components. The costs of the firm are typically separated out into short and long term elements. While the analysis in Figure 2.3 assumed perfect flexibility between factors of production, in practice, it is often impossible to vary some inputs and these costs must be paid irrespective of the level of production. These costs are called fixed costs (FC) and include items such as plant and expensive specialised equipment which can only be varied in the long run. Short-run costs can also be described as variable costs (VC) in that they vary with the level of output produced; for example, wages and materials such as water, electricity or components used in production. There are two types of variable cost. Firstly, marginal cost (MC) is the increase in cost that results from producing one extra unit of output. As it does not include fixed costs, it only represents the increase in variable costs that results from an extra unit of output. Because marginal cost tells us how much it costs to expand the firm’s output by one unit – it is also often considered analogous to the firm’s supply curve. The second category of variable cost is average total cost (AC or ATC) and average variable cost (AVC). Average total costs are the costs per unit of output including fixed costs, while average variable cost excludes these fixed costs. Figure 2.5 sets out these relationships graphically. Increasing returns means that for the early units of production (up to Qe), there is a high marginal product for variable cost inputs (such as labour). Up until this point, for every extra unit of production, average costs are falling. The slope of the variable cost curve at any point gives the marginal cost. Average variable costs are minimised when the ray from the origin in panel (a) touches the variable cost curve. This occurs at point a in panel (b) and the short-run variable costs exhibit constant returns (similarly for total costs at point e). When the marginal cost is below the average cost curves, average costs are falling, and when it is above the AVC and ATC curves, diminishing returns have set in with average costs are rising. Because fixed costs are constant, average fixed costs fall with increasing output. By comparing average total cost to the price of the product, or marginal revenue, it is possible to determine the economic profitability of the firm. In a perfectly competitive market it is assumed that firms are price takers – this means that any one firm does not have the ability to influence the market price for their output so the market price is also the firm’s marginal revenue curve (MR). Furthermore, at the point of equilibrium in perfect competition, all firms are required to be producing at zero economic profit. This requires equilibrium to occur at point e in Figure 2.5, where marginal revenue is Pe and equal to marginal cost at the minimum point of the ATC curve. Note that at this point an accounting profit is still possible, a return is being made on capital invested and salaries are being paid – it is just that resources cannot be allocated in a better way by this firm. If Pe is above this point then the firm would be operating at positive economic profit and if it was below it would be making a loss and eventually have to stop production. If a technological innovation occurs which enables the firm to lower the cost of production for any given level of output then the MC curve shifts downwards and to the right taking the average cost curves with it. If market prices remain constant at Pe this enables the firm to earn greater profit. It is this process that provides the engine for continual improvements in technology and management processes for if a firm can stay ahead of ‘t he market’ norm of technology excess profits will be able to be earned – above normal market rates. Figure 2.5 The components of cost: short run In the long-run, fixed costs are flexible (as in the model presented in Figure 2.3) and firms can alter the scale of production, for example, by adding new production facilities. Figure 2.6 The components of cost: long-run In this case, the short-run average total cost curves for the firm can be described by SRAC1, SRAC2 and SRAC3 in Figure 2.6. In Phase 1 the firm is initially producing at Q1 but understands that by increasing its fixed costs and expanding its plant size, it could produce at a lower average cost. Provided the price (marginal revenue) supports such a move, the firm will move to Phase 2 capital expansion. At this stage the firm still uses Plant 1 but at the reduced level of Q2 units with plant one and produces Q3 units with the medium sized Plant 2. Over the range z to y, the technologies which govern the expansion of output exhibit constant returns to scale. Any plant size (capital) along this output range will produce the product at the same average cost. However, after point y, decreasing returns to scale set in, and while a move to Phase 3 of capital expansion with a large plant size may still be profitable if average costs for the largest plant are below the market price at P0. With this industrial structure, the long run average cost curve is given by the emboldened sections of the short-run average cost curves, because this shows the minimum cost of production for any output level. Note that a small plant running at minimum cost is not as efficient as a large plant which can take advantage of increasing returns to scale to produce at a higher output level. The LRAC curve which envelopes this is the curve which traces the minimum SRAC curves if plants of any size could be built. A more formalised way to describe these economies of scale is through the elasticity of cost with respect to output. Recall that elasticity measures the change in one variable in response to a change in another variable. Hence we can define the elasticity of supply: (2.8) When ÃŽ µs is equal to one, costs increase proportionately with output (constant returns to scale); when ÃŽ µs is greater than one, costs increase more rapidly than output (decreasing returns to scale); and when it is less than one costs increase at a slower rate than output (increasing returns to scale). While increasing returns to scale mean that costs will fall up to a point: as described by the movement along the long-run AC curve (from point b to point e), perhaps the most profound driver of lowering average costs over time is learning and technological change. This is shown graphically in Figure 2.5 by the shift from AC1 to AC2 and from MC1 to MC2. There are several forces that can be behind this process, for example: Learning by doing and learning by watching: as workers perform the same job over and over, they gain experience, which means that they take less time to complete specific tasks. In addition, managers become more adept at scheduling the production process from the flow of materials to the organisation of the firm itself. Engineers also learn from experience and, over time, will improve the design and efficiency of machinery, create better and more specialised tools, faster computer chips and so on; Improvements in material inputs. Learning by doing and watching also affects businesses which supply the firm – so improvements are continually being made by the firm’s suppliers who may pass some of the benefits of this onto the firm in the form of more effective and cheaper material inputs; and New technological products. Advances in technology may create whole new products which can revolutionise the costs of production for certain industries. For example, the internet has resulted in a large productivity boost for many firms which have been able to change the way they interact with their customers. One such case is the airline business, where passengers now book their tickets directly on-line, rather than go through a travel agent. As a result average costs have come down substantially. Next Page   Ch 2: Cost Functions for Electric Power Previous Page   Ch 2: The Theory of Production, Cost and the Firm

Joshua Reynolds Influence on Culture and Society

Joshua Reynolds Influence on Culture and Society Introduction Joshua Reynolds is one of the most famous artists of the 18th century. Reynolds was born in July 1723 in Plimpton St Maurice at Devon. He is widely known as one of the most influential painters of the 18th century. He has influenced a large number of people. He was among the top English painters of the century. His works specialized mainly on portraits and the promotion of Grand style that depended on idealizing the imperfect1. He is also widely known as one of the founders of the President of the Royal Academy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Joshua Reynolds’ Influence on Culture and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Joshua Reynolds’ career in art began in 1940 when he started his career as a portrait painter beginner or trainee. He was trained by Thomas Hudson until 1743. From 1748, Joshua Reynolds travelled to Rome where he took Old Masters. It was while he was studying at Rome th at he developed a passion for Grand Style. However, his work was slightly affected when a severe cold hampered his hearing ability. Joshua Reynolds also worked in London from 1753. He is widely known for his contribution to the development of the Royal Society of Arts. One of his major rivals was Thomas Gainsborough who was also a famous artist of the time. However, Joshua Reynolds managed to outperform all his rivals in the century due to his distinguishable work. His lectures are still useful to date and are widely used in art. He was known as one of the most determined individuals of his time. Discussion Through his reputation and great work in art, Joshua Reynolds had a significant social and cultural impact. His work significantly influenced other people, especially while interacting with others. He was engaged in various social activities, either as a lecturer, client or employee among others. His work during the 18th century can be attributed to his excellence in the work of arts. Due to his fame as a portrait painter, Joshua Reynolds attracted much interests. He constantly enjoyed communication with many wealth people, both men and women. He was able to gain charisma that made him more influential. He was mainly involved with the middle class. As a lecturer, Joshua Reynolds was very popular among his students. He used his lectures to provide artistic education among his student. He had a chance to communicate his ideologies among the young scholars. This implies that Joshua Reynolds may have had a massive impact on culture and other social aspects.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As one of the most dominant individuals in the development of the Royal Academy and as one of the main pillars of the academy, Joshua Reynolds played a significant role in determining what was to be taught to the students. Therefore, he has a significant influence on the graduates who studied at Royal Academy. Due to his popularity, Joshua Reynolds played a pivotal role in bringing together the famous figures of ‘The’ Club. The Club was a famous dining place in London that was formed by Joshua Reynolds and his friend Johnson. Through this club, Joshua Reynolds managed to change the people’s ways of life. The members were usually meeting once per week at seven p.m. However, the frequency of meeting was changed from weekly to fortnightly. Meanwhile, the parliament was in session. This club was composed of people of higher social ranks like merchants, barristers, writers, artists among others. One was required to meet certain conditions to be recruited to the club. During his time, the Battle of Ushant with the French took place. This was back in 1977. During this period, Keppel ordered the Channel Fleet2. However, no one could have been classified as a clear winner in the battle. Unconvinced, Keppel ordered another attack. Unfortunately to him, French escaped the bombardment. Later, Palliser and Keppel went at loggerheads which forced Palliser to bring charges against Keppel. In connection to this, Keppel was accused of overlooking his duties and also of several transgressions3. However, Keppel finally emerged as a winner when he was found innocent, and all the charges against him were nullified. This made him a national hero. After this trial, Joshua Reynolds made a portrait that was meant to demonstrate the trial. He demonstrated this by painting Keppel holdings a sword which symbolized the process of getting back his authority. Through such portraits, Joshua Reynolds portrayed to the eye of the public political views. Such a portrait can be very influential in affecting people’s views about certain leaders in the society. For instance, this particular portrait illustrates Keppel’s innocence. During his time, Joshua Reynolds conducted successful work when the English Rococo was in heig ht4. This style borrowed particular aspects from furniture style and architecture5. The style was very common among the bourgeois, who were also referred to as the owners of the means of production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Joshua Reynolds’ Influence on Culture and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was also very common among the rising wealthy class in the society. In order to reinforce their wealth, this class used the work by Joshua Reynolds to boost their achievements. They also required the work of art to reinforce their beauty and magnificence. Therefore, Joshua Reynolds’s work was essential to the society. It was used by various groups to meet their goals effectively and efficiently, especially those which required influence. Through the Rococo style, Joshua Reynolds built a good relationship with the rich merchants. Meanwhile, there was a tremendous rise in the middle class and the wealthy businessmen in England. Consequently, the demand for Joshua Reynolds’s work rose significantly6. This is because the rising middle class highly demanded for his work. Joshua Reynolds managed to fulfill all their needs by providing quality portraiture style. In the Rococo era, people were free to pursue their goals in an effort to maximize their pleasure7. Therefore, this style became very common as the middle class grew bigger and bigger. Joshua Reynolds was very important in British paintings and other parts of Western countries. Joshua Reynolds played a pivotal role in defining various aspects in these parts8. He interacted and socialized with the elite class in London. The main bond between their relationships was facilitated by the demand and supply of influential Joshua Reynolds’s portraits. He had the ability to raise figureheads to a mythological level, the fact which pleased the subject significantly9. In the eighteenth century, the work of art was very significant in realizing gratification in man. This was more so due to the rise of bourgeois during the century. This was one of the factors that led to a high demand for Joshua Reynolds’s portraits. They were a source of gratification for beauty, and also as a means to gain certain favor10. Tt helped people during this time to meet their needs. Joshua Reynolds’s art directed and reflected his ideas about the society. For instance, he was convinced that position of the poor was divinely ordained and not to be disturbed11.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He further argued that it was only the higher social ranks that had the ability and the freedom to use the work of art as a way of promoting their transition from the life of brute sensuality to one of civilized reason12. In other words, Reynolds was mainly influential to the higher social ranks. This is the reason why the demand for his portraits increased with a rise of the middle class. One of the major public figures who benefited from Joshua Reynolds’s paintings was Lord Heathfield13. Heathfield once became a hero for defending Gibraltar during its great siege. To illustrate this, Joshua depicted Heathfield in front of dark clouds holding key in the right hand. The figure was to maintain his social superiority or his contribution for defending Gibraltar. The painting was very significant as it presented the history of defense of Gibraltar. Consequently, it contributed to spreading the fame of the leaders. For instance, Heathfield’s portrait illustration suggests t hat he went against many challenges in his attempt to defend Gibraltar. This is depicted by the dark clouds. However, he managed to win as the key tied in his right hand illustrates. Joshua Reynolds portraits were also believed to have religious meaning. For instance, Heathfield is depicted holding a key which is an analogy of the key St Peter who possessed the keys to Heaven. In this case, Heathfield is presented as an important person in the society whose efforts defended Gibraltar. Joshua Reynolds supported Burke’s views on the French revolution. He was therefore convinced that the French Revolution would be disastrous. This is because it did not consider the complexity of human nature. He believed that the human nature was not compatible with the human behavior. Through writing in early 1790s, Joshua Reynolds argued that France was falling because of spending too much time tending14 (Bennett 1998). He further argued that lack of emphasis on the manufacturing and trade was the main cause of the problem. In conclusion, this discussion has clearly revealed that Joshua Reynolds was one of the most influential artists of the 18th century. He had a significant social and cultural impact on the society. His portraits were highly demanded by the wealthy merchants, businessmen, and people from other high social ranks to meet their needs. His work was also used by the leaders to create good image in the eyes of the public15. His work also played a significant role in civilizing the society. Joshua Reynolds works also changed major social issues. For instance, he was strongly opposed towards the French Revolution. He argued that it would lead to losses rather than gains. Therefore, he urged people to refrain from engaging in the revolution through his work. He also influenced people through his lectures. He used his paintings to drive his ideas to the society. His lectures were known to be extremely sensitive and perceptive. Bibliography Anonymous. â€Å"Josh ua Reynolds.† Artble, 2011. Web. Bennett, Tony. Culture: A Reformers Science. New York: SAGE, 1998. Bennet, Tony. Culture. Australia: SAGE Publications, 1992. Brennan, Teresa. Vision in context: historical and contemporary perspectives on sight. New York: Routledge, 1996. Ferguson. Art. New York: Ferguson, 2008. Huntington Art Gallery. â€Å"Out of the Shadows: Joshua Reynolds’ Celebrity Portraiture and the Market for Mezzotints in 18th-Century Britain.† Huntington, 2011. Web. Hurl, Estelle. Sir Joshua Reynolds: A Collection of Fifteen Pictures and a Portrait of the Painter with Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Malone, Edmond. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds. To Which Is Prefixed An Account Of The Life And Writings Of The Author. U.S.A: Oxford University, 1801. Northcote, James. Memoirs Of Sir Joshua Reynolds: To Which Are Added, Varieties On Art. New York: M. Carey Son, 1817. Northcote, James. The Life Of Sir Joshua Reynol ds: Comprising Original Anecdotes Of Many Distinguished Persons, His Contemporaries; And A Brief Analysis Of His Discourses. New York: Henry Colburn, 1819. Reynolds, Joshua. Joshua Reynolds Seven Discourses Delivered In The Royal Academy. U.S.A: T. Ladell, 1778. Reynolds, Joshua., Malone, Edmond and Gray, Thomas. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knight ; Late President Of The Royal Academy: Containing His Discourses ; Idlers ; A Journey To Flanders And Holland, And His Commentary On Du Fresnoys Art Of Painting. U.S.A: T. Cadell. 1801. Reynolds, Joshua. The Complete Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds: First President Of The Royal Academy: With An Original Memoir, And Anecdotes Of The Author, Volume 1. New York: T. MLean, 1824. Reynolds, Joshua. The Literary Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, First President Of The Royal Academy By Joshua Reynolds. London: Cadell, 1830. Wendorf, Richard. Sir Joshua Reynolds: The Painter in Society. U.S.A: Harvard University Press, 1998. Footnotes 1 Joshua Reyno lds. The Literary Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, First President Of The Royal Academy By Joshua Reynolds. London: Cadell, 1830. 2 Edmond, Malone. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds. To Which Is Prefixed An Account Of The Life And Writings Of The Author. U.S.A: Oxford University, 1801. 3 Joshua, Reynolds. The Complete Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds: First President Of The Royal Academy: With An Original Memoir, And Anecdotes Of The Author, Volume 1. New York: T. MLean, 1824. 4 Joshua, Reynolds., Edmond, Malone and Thomas, Gray. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knight ; Late President Of The Royal Academy: Containing His Discourses ; Idlers ; A Journey To Flanders And Holland, And His Commentary On Du Fresnoys Art Of Painting. U.S.A: T. Cadell. 1801. 5 James, Northcote. The Life Of Sir Joshua Reynolds: Comprising Original Anecdotes Of Many Distinguished Persons, His Contemporaries; And A Brief Analysis Of His Discourses. New York: Henry Colburn, 1819. 6 James, Northcote. Memoirs Of Sir Jo shua Reynolds: To Which Are Added, Varieties On Art. New York: M. Carey Son, 1817. 7 Teresa, Brennan. Vision in context: historical and contemporary perspectives on sight. New York: Routledge, 1996. 8 Joshua, Reynolds. Joshua Reynolds Seven Discourses Delivered In The Royal Academy. U.S.A: T. Ladell, 1778. 9 Richard, Wendorf. Sir Joshua Reynolds: The Painter in Society. U.S.A: Harvard University Press, 1998. 10 Huntington Art Gallery. â€Å"Out of the Shadows: Joshua Reynolds’ Celebrity Portraiture and the Market for Mezzotints in 18th-Century Britain.† Huntington, 2011. 11 Ferguson. Art. New York: Ferguson, 2008. 12 Hurl, Estelle. Sir Joshua Reynolds: A Collection of Fifteen Pictures and a Portrait of the Painter with Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. 13 Anonymous. â€Å"Joshua Reynolds.† Artble, 2011. 14 Bennett, Tony. Culture: A Reformers Science. New York: SAGE, 1998. 15 Bennet, Tony. Culture. Australia: SAGE Publication s, 1992.

Research Review for teaching strategies for reading using evidence Paper

Review for teaching strategies for reading using evidence based practices for special education students - Research Paper Example However, many educators have failed to recognize the importance of EBP in learning institutions. There are numerous students with varied disabilities; hence there is a need for experienced professionals to implement effective reading strategies for teaching. They can also engage parents in this intervention program in order to increase the performance level. This is because parents are the first primary caregivers and educators of the child; thus engaging them in the program will contribute to positive change. Therefore, the EBP should be matched with the unique needs of students and their skills; thus developing effective Individualized Education Program (IEP) for producing better learning outcomes. The themes in the research articles focus on reading instructions, developing fluency and vocabulary instructions for students with learning disabilities. Therefore, the study seeks to offer an insight on the research issues as to whether teaching strategies for reading using EBP is an e ffective approach for individual education students. It seeks to reveal the way educators can teach students to read, but  how well do  students with disabilities understand what they are reading? Educators can also help students with LD (learning disabilities) to think critically. However,  do they actually comprehend what the vocabulary words mean and talk fluent? Therefore, what can educators do in order to help these students to think critically, understand vocabularies and read fluent? The research employs varied methods such as questionnaires, surveys of the perception of students and standardized tests in order to determine how students can develop effective reading or improve performance learning skills. The results varied across students with learning disabilities, but the majority of the students showed improved reading comprehensive skills when employing EBP approach. Summary of Studies Article 1 Participants Stetter, M. E., & Hughes, M. T. (January 01, 2011). Compu ter Assisted Instruction to Promote Comprehension in Students with Learning Disabilities. International Journal of Special Education, 26, 1, 88-100 reveals the way reading comprehension is significant. The article reveals the way students with LD strive to improve reading skills and many of them face numerous challenges in learning environment. Therefore, the article attempts to analyze whether the computer assisted instructions can help in promoting reading comprehension for students with LD (Stetter and Hughes, 2011). The authors carried out research through employing a single-subject and diverse baseline designed for achieving the desired outcomes. They employed varied methodologies such as surveys, standardized tests and daily questions in order to determine the way reading comprehension is valuable for achieving academic success. The study results revealed that computer assisted instructions could have influenced the reading comprehension of students with LD. The participants w ho participated in the research study were students from varied schools in the United States. Of these students, 90 % of them were from lower socio-economic background and the remaining percentage from high socio-economic class. The students with LD also participated in

Chinas Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinas Economy - Assignment Example The military power, technological advancement and the currency of China have drastically improved over the past years, which is a sign of economic dominance. These aspects of the economy combined with the fast growth are likely to surpass those of the United States. According to IMF, THE CHINESE ECONOMY GREW BY AN AVERAGE OF 9.6 PERCENT PER YEAR BETWEEN 1990 AND 2010 (Babones, 2011). This projection indicates that China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The country survived the global financial crisis of 2008 and managed to expand its economy, which indicates real economic supremacy. CHINAS ECONOMY HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED BY SUCCESSIVE WAVES OF ECONOMIC REFORM (Naughton, 2007). Market transition has led to a market economy dominated by exports and multi-national firms. The country has managed to dismantle the command economy and decentralize the effects of communism in order to create a market economy and empower the rural people. This has created a fair playing gro und for market participants, which has extended to the international market. This has led to the sudden rise of China as a global trading center and several investors have invested in Chinese firms. ECONOMIC REFORMS HAVE FAVORED FOREIGN INVESTMENT, WHICH HAS ALLOWED FOREIGN FIRMS CLAIM A SHARE OF INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS (Gilboy, 2004). The government has also been instrumental in supporting the private sector by giving private companies access to capital, technology, and markets. This has improved the output from these firms and their contribution to the country’s GDP, which has strengthened Chinas’ economy. OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS, CHINA HAS EXPERIENCED THE GREATEST AND MOST RAPID REDUCTION OF EXTREME POVERTY (Katz, 2008).The country has improved the living condition of the poorest people in the country and reduced poverty levels. The continuing growth rate has improved the living conditions of the Chinese people, which have supported economic supremacy of the country. THE RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH HAS IMPROVED THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE AND ALTERED THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOCIETY (Pei, 2006). The economy is less state-centered as was the tradition, which has enabled the country consume much of its products by improving the living condition of the population. Chinese citizens have improved their access to information through telephones and televisions. These have improved the communication and transport industries in the country, which are some of the rapidly growing industries in the country. The contribution of these industries in the country’s GDP has helped improve the economy and expansion into the global economy. China has experienced high levels of savings and investment, which has contributed to the rapid economic growth. INVESTMENT RATES IN CHINA ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN IN OTHER COUNTRIES WITH COMPARABLE LEVELS OF PER CAPITA INCOME (CSIS, 2006). This has enabled the growth of per capita stock that has facilitated the transitio n from agricultural labor to the modern sector. The investment into the modern sector has introduced a center for a new labor force that has improved the output from the sector. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION SUCH AS LABOR AND CAPITAL HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO CHINA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH (Angang, 2011). The savings from the labor force have improved the purchasing power of the population. Direct investments in the country have improved capital formation that has helped the citizens improve their savings and their purchasing power. This has helped improve the country’s GDP and its competing abilities with superpowers such as USA. ASIA’S PRODUCTION ASSEMBLY HAS ATTRACTED SEVERAL INVESTORS FROM

Cooperative Vehicle Safety System for VANETs

Cooperative Vehicle Safety System for VANETs COOPERATIVE VEHICLE SAFETY SYSTEM FOR VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS T. Sujitha, Final year M.E(CSE), ABSTRACT Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a one form of wireless networks used for vehicles communication among themselves on roads. The conventional routing protocols are suitable for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). But it’s poorly in VANETs. As communication links break often happen in VANETs compare than in MANETs, the reliable routing is more difficult in the VANET. Research work has been done to the routing reliability of VANETs on highways. In this paper, we use the cooperative vehicle safety system for VANETs. The cooperative vehicle safety system helps to capture the future positions of the vehicles and determines the reliable routes preemptively. This paper is the first to propose a cooperative vehicle safety system for VANETs gives quality-of-service (QoS) support in the routing process. A new mechanism is developed to find the most reliable route in the VANET from the source vehicle to the destination vehicle. Through the simulation results, that the proposed scheme s ignificantly give good result compare than other literature survey. Keywords- vehicular ad hoc network (VANET),DSRC, IEEE 802.11,sensor,OBU,RSU. 1.INTRODUCTION Every day, a most of people die, and many people are injured in traffic accidents around the world. The desire to improve road safety information among vehicles to prevent accidents and improve road safety was the main motivation behind the development of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). VANETs are a promising technology to enable communications among vehicles on roads. They are a special form of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that provide vehicle-to-vehicle communications. It is assumed that each vehicle is equipped with a wireless communication facility to provide ad hoc network connectivity. VANETs tend to operate without an infrastructure, each vehicle in the network can send, receive, and relay messages to other vehicles in the network. Figure 1.1 Structure of Vanet Ad-hoc Networks This way, vehicles can exchange real-time information, and drivers can be informed about road traffic conditions and other travel-related information. The most challenging issue is potentially the high mobility and the frequent changes of the network topology. In VANETs, the network topology could vary when the vehicles change their velocities and/or lanes. These changes depend on the drivers and road situations and are normally not scheduled in advance. Embedded wireless devices are the main components of evolving cooperative active safety systems for vehicles. These systems, which rely on communication between vehicles, deliver warning messages to drivers and may even directly take control of the vehicle to perform evasive maneuvers. The cyber aspects of such applications, including communication and detection of vehicle information are tightly coupled with physical dynamics of vehicles and drivers behavior. Recent research on such cooperative vehicle safety (CVSS) systems has shown that significant performance improvement is possible by coupling the design of the components of the systems that are related to vehicle dynamics with the cyber components that are responsible for tracking other cars and detecting threats. The types of possible actions and warnings in vehicle safety systems range from low-latency collision avoidance or warning systems to moderate-latency system that provide heads up information about possible dangers in the non immediate path of the vehicle. The main differences of these systems are the sources and means of information dissemination and acquisition. In active safety systems, vehicles are required to be continuously aware of their neighborhood of few hundred meters and monitor possible emergency information. This task can be achieved by frequent real time communication between vehicles over dedicated short range communication (DSRC) channel. In addition to inter-vehicle communication; roadside devices may also assist vehicles in learning about their environment by delivering traffic signal or pedestrian related information at intersections. The main requirement of these active safety systems is the possibility of delivering real-time acquired information to and between vehicles at latencies of lower than few hundred milliseconds. Prototypes of such systems are being developed by many automotive manufacturers. 2. EXISTING SYSTEM In DSRC based safety systems, the cyber components are selected so that they meet the requirements of active safety. Nevertheless, the existing designs fall short of supporting a full-fledged CVSS in which a large number of vehicles communicate and cooperate with each other. The main reason behind the issues with the current designs is the level of separation in the design of different components. Later in this paper we describe methods to achieve better performance by further cooperation of the physical and cyber sub-components. In the next subsection we describe existing active safety CVSS systems and their designs. Figure 1.2 Communication in VANET systems. The traditional design of the CVS system, based on the structure depicted, is a straightforward design following the recommendations of an early report by vehicle safety communication consortium (VSCC). According to this report, it is suggested that vehicles should transmit tracking messages every 100ms, to a distance of at least 150m (avg. 250m). Therefore, the message generation module in becomes a periodic process that outputs a sample of the current state of the vehicle in a message every 100msec. The DSRC radio power is set to reach the suggested distance. Given the issues of the above design in crowded networks, several enhancements have recently been proposed to improve the performance of CVS systems beyond the early solutions set forth by VSCC. One such method is the work in [22] that proposes to fairly allocate transmission power across all cars in a max-min fashion; this method helps reduce the load at every point of a formulated 1-D highway and thus reserves bandwidth for emergency messages with higher priorities. This method assumes a predefined maximum load as the target. In another work, a message dispatcher is proposed to reduce required data rate by removing duplicate elements, here, the idea is that many applications require the same data elements from other vehicles. The message dispatcher at the sender side will group data elements from application layer (i.e., the source) and decides how frequently each data element should be broadcast. The above methods focus on the computing module, as defined in this section, and try to improve its performance through observing the behavior of the application, or by incorporating limited physical process information in the design of the computing module. While the above improvements do enhance the performance of CVS systems, these designs do not consider the mutual effects of computation, communication and physical processes on each other. In this, try to identify such mutual effects and propose a design that uses the knowledge of the tight coupling of cyber and physical processes to the benefit of a CVSS system. DESTINATION SEQUENCED DISTANCE VECTOR (DSDV) DSDV is a proactive protocol that maintains route to all the destinations before requirement of the route. Each node maintains a routing table which contains next hop, cost metric towards each destination and a sequence number that is created by the destination itself. This table is exchanged by each node to update route information. A node transmits routing table periodically or when significant new information is available about some route. Whenever a node wants to send packet, it uses the routing table stored locally. For each destination, a node knows which of its neighbor leads to the shortest path to the destination. DSDV is an efficient protocol for route discovery. Whenever a route to a new destination is required, it already exists at the source. Hence, latency for route discovery is very low. DSDV also guarantees loop-free paths. 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM Cooperative message authentication protocol, which augments the basic short group signature protocol by mitigating the computation overhead in the regular broadcast phase. According to, the verification time for short group signature is 11ms with a 3 GHz Pentium IV system. In a typical public safety application, each vehicle broadcasts safety messages every 300 ms, which implies that each vehicle can at most process messages from other vehicles in a stable system. However, according to the measurement, there may exist as many as 87 vehicles broadcasting messages within the 300m communication range of a receiving vehicle, far exceeding its processing capability. Therefore, we propose a cooperative message authentication protocol to fill the gap between the workload and the processing capability. 3.1 PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION RSUs broadcast I-public keys, G-public keys of themselves and their neighbor RSUs with certificates and identities of revoked RSUs in their neighborhoods regularly. Authorities employ benign RSUs around compromised RSUs to implement revocation by regular broadcasting those compromised RSUs’ identities. When a vehicle detects the hello message, it starts registration by sending its I-public key and the certificate to the RSU if the RSU is not revoked. Normally, a public key should not be encrypted. However, in our system model, each vehicle’s I-public key is unique, so it is also an identifier of the vehicle. We encrypt it to protect vehicle’s privacy. The RSU sends the hash value of the G-private key which plans to be assigned to the vehicle and the signature of the hash value, vehicle’s I-public key and RSU’s I-public key to the vehicle. RSU’s I-public key is also unique. The vehicle can identify the RSU’s legitimacy after it verifies this message because the RSU uses its I-private key in the message. The vehicle encrypts its Npri and the timestamp by using authorities’ public key. Then, it sends the encryption data with the timestamp and the signature of corresponding information, message 4, to the RSU. The encryption of its Npri and the timestamp is a commitment. It can be useed to detect illegitimate users later. Meanwhile, the signature signed by the vehicle binds vehicle’s information and the assigned G-private key. Then, the RSU cannot re-map them because the RSU does not have vehicle’s I-private key. The RSU sends the G-private key to the vehicle. The vehicle finishes registration procedure after it gets a valid G-private key. Then, the RSU stores the information, as in the local database. The signature in the fifth item is the signature that the RSU receives in message. If authorities need the information of a vehicle when there is a dispute, the RSU has to send the vehicle’s corresponding information to authorities. 3.2 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through network simulator version 2. A cooperative message authentication protocol(CMAP) is presented to alleviate vehicles computation burden. In the protocol, because vehicles share their verification results with each other in a cooperative way, the number of safety messages that each vehicle needs to verify will be reduced greatly. A new research issue of the protocol is how to select verifiers in the city road scenario. Thus, we propose three verifiers selection algorithms, n-nearest method, most-even distributed method and the compound method for the CMAP. Performance metrics are utilized in the simulations for performance comparison. Packet arrival rate The ratio of the number of received data packets to the number of total data packets sent by the source. Energy consumption The energy consumption for the entire network includes transmission energy consumption for both the data and control packets. Average end-to-end delay The average time elapsed for delivering a data packet within a successful transmission. Control overhead The average number of transmitted control bytes per second, including both the data packet header and the control packets. Collision rate The average Collision rate for the entire data transmission from source to destination is much controlled and reduced when compared to the existing protocol. 4. ELLIPTIC CURVE DIGITAL SIGNATURE ALGORITHM ECDSA is Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC)-based implementation of the commonly used digital signature algorithm. ECC provides the same security level as the other discrete logarithm approaches, while the size of the required ECC credentials is much smaller than that of the discrete logarithm systems. The WAVE security service adopt ECDSA-based message authentication for vehicular communications. Two standard elliptic curves namely P-224 and P-256 have been suggested for general purpose message authentications, and certificate authentications in VANETs. A VANET entity is required to transmit periodic safety messages containing its current coordinates, speed, acceleration etc. to the neighboring devices. The typical interval for safety message broadcasts ranges from 100 ms to 300 ms. An authentication scheme has to be incorporated in order to provide reliability and trust for the delivered safety information. Received messages are verified by the receiving entity to ensure the message integrity, and authenticity of sender’s identity. Unfortunately signature verification incurs a cryptographic processing delay at the verifier’s end. Although the verification delay for ECDSA is in the order of milliseconds, with hundreds of vehicles in a dense traffic scenario, an OBU would receive an enormous amount of periodic messages per unit time causing a bottleneck to the authentication process at the receiver end. If OBUs are configured to broadcast their periodic messages every 100 ms, under a heavy traffic scenario, many of the safety messages would either be discarded due to the constrained buffer size of the verification process, or accepted without any verification. Therefore in busy traffic hours, a receiver of vehicular messages would either risk a fatal road-traffic consequence, or it would reject a significant portion of received messages without authenticating when its maximum verification capacity is reached. The current WAVE standards do not include an efficient anonymous authentication scheme for vehicular messages, or even an intelligent authentication strategy which can efficiently verify from a massive number of vehicular safety/application messages. 5. CONCLUSION The proposed protocol designed an identity-based anonymous user-authentication scheme and a cross-layer verification approach for WAVE-enabled VANET’s safety messages. A variation of the conventional ECDSA approach is used with the identity-based signature approach where the common geographical area information of signing vehicles is taken as the signer’s identity. This exempts a vehicle from the mandatory inclusion of a trusted third-party certificate with each broadcast message in a VANET while a user is still identifiable by the trusted third-party up on a dispute. A cross-layer message verification scheme verifies the received messages based on their MAC traffic class and traffic intensity. This ensures that under the rush hour congestion or traffic accident most important messages will not be missed by the verifier. Security analysis and performance evaluation justify our authentication and verification approach for WAVE-enabled vehicular communications. REFERENCES [1] C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, â€Å"Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing,†in Proc.2nd IEEE WMCSA 1999. [2] V. A. Davis, â€Å"Evaluating mobility models within an ad hoc network,† M.S. thesis, Colorado Sch. Mines Golden, CO, USA, 2000. [3] A. Ferreira, â€Å"On models and algorithms for dynamic communication networks: The case for evolving graphs,† presented at the 4e rencontres francophones sur les ALGOTEL, Meze, France, 2002. [4] M. Rudack, M. Meincke, K. Jobmann, and M. Lott, â€Å"On traffic dynamical aspects of inter vehicle communications (IVC),† in Proc. IEEE Veh.Technol. Conf., 2003. [5] H. Menouar, M. Lenardi, and F. Filali, â€Å"A movement prediction-base drouting protocol for vehicle-to-vehicle communications,† in Proc. 1st Int.V2V Communication Workshop, San Diego, CA, USA, 2005. [6] T. Taleb, M. Ochi, A. Jamalipour, N. Kato, and Nemoto â€Å"An efficient vehicle-heading based routing protocol for VANET networks,†in Proc.IEEE Wireless Communication ,2006. [7] G. M. T. Abdalla, M. A. Abu-Rgheff, and S. M. Senouci, â€Å"Current trends in vehicular ad hoc networks,† in Proc IEEE Global Inf. Infrastruct.Symp., Marrakech Morocco, 2007. [8] V. Namboodiri and L. Gao, â€Å"Prediction-based routing for vehicular adhoc networks,† IEEE Trans.Veh Technol, 2007. [9] K. T. Feng, C. H. Hsu, and T. E. Lu, â€Å"Velocity-assisted predictive mobility and location-aware routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks,† IEEE Trans Technol, 2008. [10] J. Monteiro, â€Å"The use of evolving graph combinatorial model in routing protocols for dynamic networks,† in Proc. XV Concurso Latinoamericanode Tesis de Maestrà ¬a, 2008. [11] G. Pallis, D. Katsaros, M. D. Dikaiakos, oulloudes and L. Tassiulas,â€Å"On the structure and evolution of vehicular networks,† in Proc. IEEE/ACM Meeting Symp. MASCOTS, 2009. [12] S. C. Ng, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Yang, and G. Mao, â€Å"Analysis of access and connectivity probabilities in vehicular relay networks,† IEEE. Areas Communication, 2011.

Bursitis :: essays research papers fc

Bursitis Does it hurt to move your arm? Is it tender and radiating pain to your neck and finger tips? Do you have a fever? If you answered yes to two or more of these questions then you may have typical joint injury called bursitis. Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa that is easily prevented, detected and treated. Bursitis is a common condition that can cause much pain and swelling around an affected bursa. A bursa is a sac between body tissues that move against each other. They are filled with a lubricating liquid to minimize the fiction between the tissues. The bursa are found mostly in joints between skin and bone or bone and tendons. When you irritate these lubricating sacs, the bursae fill with fluid and become irritated and inflamed. This inflammation causes severe pain with movement of the joint, often limiting the movement of the affected area. Bursitis commonly strikes in the shoulders, elbows, knees, pelvis, hips or Achilles tendons. Bursitis can affect nearly anyone for any number of reasons. It affects mainly adults both male and female. The individuals most at risk are people who engage in excessive and improper stretching and people who are involved heavily in athletic training. Bursitis can be caused by many things. For one, it can be caused by injury or overuse of a joint. Strenuous unfamiliar exercise also can cause Bursitis. Plus, such diseases as gout, arthritis, and chronic infection of a joint can be likely causes. But frequently the cause of Bursitis can not be determined. The only ways to prevent getting it are to wear protective gear when exorcising, practice appropriate warm ups and cool downs during exercise and to maintain a high fitness level. Bursitis is an easily treatable disease. If you suspect that you have bursitis, you will probably seek the advice of a doctor. Most likely the doctor will look at your medical history and take some x-rays. If you are diagnosed with bursitis the doctor may prescribe some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or pain relievers and may make some cortisone injections into the bursa to relieve inflammation. Once at home you are expected rest the affected area as much as possible and to apply RICE ( rest, ice, compression and elevation of the inflamed joint). Also to prevent the joint from freezing you should begin moving and exercising the affected area as soon as possible. Most likely the problem will subside in 7 to

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Essay

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Starkey is a teacher and is in a position of authority and has a preconceived notion his students are not serious as such, sees the need to drive home a few key facts which includes the reason for their being in school. He does this by laying emphasis on repetitive pronouns e.g. ‘you’, ‘you’ve’ as he draws into the conversation. Connor interrupts and thus overlaps Starkey by saying â€Å"yeah right’ in response to Starkey’s comment on some animals being faster. Starkey finds this rude and considering his position of authority and preconceived notion of the students not being particularly bright, he responds in an equally insultive manner stating Connor was fat and couldn’t really move. At the point, the conversation changes from formal to informal and he uses ‘you’re† This sparks overlapping laughter and noise from the rest of the class. Connor takes it personal and uses colloquial/slang language ‘yeah’ and ‘man’ in his response and further insults Starkey who uses courtesy items in response â€Å"Yes // now// right in an attempt to change the conversation from informal back to formal and overlaps and repeats by stuttering nervously ‘this is, this is, this is† and â€Å"persona, persona† Connor maintains an informal note as evidenced in his use of contractions and informal words e.g. â€Å"shit†, I’ll†, â€Å"mate†, and â€Å"don’t†. and use of a false start â€Å"don’t start, alright don’t start at all† because he’s clearly upset. Starkey then remarks ‘problem there are wi wi with Jamie’s food they’ll be, lots of dieting opportunities now’. It seems Starkey repeats words when upset. Again here, he’s used â€Å"wi wi† and a contraction – â€Å"they’ll† indicates an informal tone. The conversation is still informal because Connor uses ’you’re† IT’S, and addresses Starkey as ’mate’ AND A HEDGE â€Å"d’ya† . He also sarcastic by using polite words â€Å"May I ask’ and immediately follows it by asking if Starkey has always been 4 feet tall. Starkey maintains a sarcastic note by replying ‘from the age of thirteen. This transcript started off on a formal note but turned out to be mainly informal. Connor’s final response :Okay† brings the conversation back to a forma note

Alphadon - Facts and Figures

Name: Alphadon (Greek for first tooth); pronounced AL-fah-don Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70 million years ago) Size and Weight: About one foot long and 12 ounces Diet: Insects, fruit and small animals Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, prehensile tail; long hind legs About Alphadon As is the case with many of the early mammals of the Mesozoic Era, Alphadon is known primarily by its teeth, which peg it as one of the earliest marsupials (the non-placental mammals represented today by Australian kangaroos and koala bears). Appearance-wise, Alphadon probably resembled a small opossum, and despite its tiny size (only about three-quarters of a pound soaking wet) it was still one of the largest mammals of late Cretaceous North America. Befitting its small stature, paleontologists believe that Alphadon spent most of its time high up in trees, well out of the way of the stomping tyrannosaurs and titanosaurs of its ecosystem. At this point, you may be wondering how a prehistoric marsupial ended up in North America, of all places. Well, the fact is that even   modern marsupials arent restricted to Australia; opossums, to which Alphadon was related, are indigenous to both North and South America, although they had to reinvade the north about three million years ago, when the Central American Isthmus rose up and connected the two continents. (During the Cenozoic Era, after the demise of the dinosaurs, huge marsupials were thick on the ground in South America; before their extinction, a few stragglers managed to find their way via Antarctica to Australia, the only place today where you can find plus-sized pouched mammals.)