LAN :: essays research papers

INTRODUCTIONIn our changing society as companies vie to stay alive umteen have begun redefining their business strategies, so as to make accessibility to global and innate information easier for their employees. In order that business provide superior service than their competitors, Human Resource professionals strongly believe, that is closely linked to peoples attitude about work, the evolution of employment-related laws and sociological tends. They must recognise the dynamic relationship between strategy, people, applied science and the processes that drive organisations.In so keeping, SAMs Paper Manufacturing Company Limited, in trying to manage the challenge facing todays organisations, change, given the rapid advances in technology, increased globalization and the ever present need to assure quality service and contented workers, has proposed internet access for all workstation end users.As organisations grow and develop, external and internal pressures result in changing n eeds. Systems and practices must be organised so that they continue to fit an organisation as its needs changes. As a result, the strategic and implementation plans are the overall blueprints that define how an organisation will deploy its capital resources, budgetary resources, and technological resources in pursuit of its goal.In providing the meshwork access, explore would be carried out into the type of infrastructure that is required in providing an effective Internet access service to the employee. The types of infrastructure that need to be investigated are -& adenylic acid61498& adenylic acidltTab/& deoxyadenosine monophosphategtBroadband Technology.We would look specifically at Asymmetric Digital Subscribe Line (ADSL), which is a technology used by telephone companies to provide high band with services (faster internet and data speeds) to the home and business using existing telephone cabling infrastructure (See Appendix 1).&61498&ltTab/&gtRoutersAs its name impl ies the router serves as a routing switchboard. It connects two or more networks and forwards data packets between them.&61498&ltTab/&gtMicrosoft ExchangeThis would facilitate internal and external e-mails&61498&ltTab/&gtMonitoring and Managing Internet AccessTechniques and products for monitoring, controlling and managing Internet access, such as "Web use reporting" which is software used to monitor and report on how a workforce uses its access to websites.In grown right of entry to an abundance of information, via the Internet, to all employees, management has taken into consideration the serious negative cost, which may occur, to both security and productivity of the employees. They have actual and put in place policies that take into consideration the use of firewalls to shield our Local Area Network (LAN) from unauthorised access and the use of Anti computer virus products to prevent infection.

Ellisons Invisible Man: Invisibility, Vision, and Identity as Motifs E

Ralph Ellison incorporates some(prenominal) symbols into this novel, each providing a unique perspective on the narrative and supporting the themes of invisibility, vision and identity. These themes can many times generally symbolize the strength of the subconscious mind. In this novel I think that there are several visions that symbolize the narrators escape from reality, seeking comfort in memories of his childhood or times at the college, often occurring as he fades into his music. Ellison coincidences dreams and reality to redefine the surrealistic constitution of the narrators experience and to showcase the differences between the realities of black life and the myth of the American dream. ?One thing I saw a potbelly of in this novel is people willfully looking past instead of confronting the truth. The narrator repeatedly states peoples inability to see what they dont want to see, their inability to see what their prejudice doesnt allow them to see, has pushed him into a li fe of effective invisibility. But prejudice against others is not the only kind of sightlessness in the book. Many characters also dont acknowledge truths about themselves or their communities, and this refusal is shown in the imagery of vision and invisibility. For example, the boys who fight in the battle princely wear blindfolds, symbolizing their powerlessness to recognize their corruption at the hands of the white men. The Founders statue at the college has empty eyes, signifying his failure to see the racialist realities. Blindness also afflicts Rev Homer A. Barbee, who romanticizes the Founder, and Brother Jack, who is missing an eye which he conceals by wearing a glass eye. The narrator himself experiences blindness, such as in chapter sixteen when he addresses the ... ...judices of others. He has followed the ideology of the college and the ideology of the Brotherhood without trusting or developing his own identity. Now, however, he has realized that his own identity, s ome(prenominal) in its flexibility and authenticity, is the key to freedom. Rinehart, a master of many identities, first suggests to the narrator the limitless capacity for variation within oneself. However, Rinehart ultimately proves an unsatisfactory exemplification for the narrator because Rineharts life lacks authenticity. The meaning of the narrators assertion that he is an invisible man has changed slightly since he made the same championship at the beginning of the novel whereas at the outset he actor to call attention to the fact that others cannot not see him, he now means to call attention to the fact that his identity, his inner self, is real, even if others cannot see it.

camp hill riot :: essays research papers

Camp cumulation the day that lasted 72 hoursOn October 25, 1989 more than 1,300 inmates at the Camp Hill State Correctional Institution screamed. The rioters took at least 8 hostages, lighting 4 fires and caused millions of dollars in damage. More then 35 staff members, 5 inmates, 1 firefighter and 1 state trooper sustain injuries in the worst uprising in Pennsylvania history. Inmates returning from an exercise yard in the belated afternoon overwhelmed correctional staff and seized hostages. Inmates were reportedly upset about overcrowding and suspended privileges. They set fires, which destroyed more then half of the 31 buildings and took hostages who were not altogether guards but also other inmates who were not willing to join in the rioting. The riot ended through negotiations and the inmates were confined to their cells. The superintendent informed news and officials that the riot was over. The next day the superintendent met with the inmates to discuss their grievances. Un known to the superintendent or staff many of the cells which the inmates were confined to were not secure permitting the start of a bit riot later that day allowing prisoners to escape and take more then 17 more hostages and injuring 138 officers. About 800 troopers were on the scene during the peak of the riots with hundreds more en route to begin shift changes as the riots continued for a 3 day period. Negotiations were again attempted, but the riot finally ended when state legal philosophy forcibly entered the compound.The biggest problem at Camp Hill was that it was originally designed for juveniles but was transitioned to adult offenders with no consideration for the inadequacy of the physical facility or the necessary training. At the time the riots began Camp Hills capacity was 1,826 but housed more then 2,600 inmates running at a 142% capacity.

Essay --

Thomas Clontz1st Period1/14/14The Hot Zone SummaryI acknowledge this is the net copy of my own original work and all resources have been cited appropriately.The novel, The Hot Zone, by Richard Preston, is an extraordinary tale about a virus called the Ebola virus. The write interviews a number of different people that all had encounters with the virus and records their stories. He is very interested by what they tell him and throughout the novel he is ever so appearking to find more information about it. There were many different encounters in this book but in my summary I am going to explain the ones that interested me the most. The humbug begins with a man by the name of Charles Monet. He is in Kenya working on a sugar plantation. unitary of his friends and him decide to take a trip to Mount Elgon and visit the Kitum Cave. A couple of days after he returns from his trip he becomes very ill. He experiences headaches and backaches for several days before spiking a fever and vio lently vomiting for a long time. His eyes change to a bloodshot red wile and he loses all expressions from his face. His personality also dramatically changed. Doctors try to treat him but with no success so he was put on a plane to go to the Nairobi Hospital. During the flight he gets so sick that he throws up huge amounts of red puke with black specks in it. He begins to bleed from his nose and eventually from almost every opening in his body. By the time he reaches the hospital he crashes and falls to the floor in a pool of his virus infected blood. Another aspect of the story is associated with Major Nancy Jaax. She is a member of USAMRIID or United States Army Medical research Institute of Infectious Diseases. USAMRIID does research on different w... ...animal was sedated before it could hurt her. On Friday, December 7, the last monkey was finally put down. After this the decon squad arrives. They seal off the building and heat these special crystals that kill everything th at is living. Also, the team learns that Milton Frantig, the employee who had fallen ill, had recovered from what seemed to be the flu. Ending this story the author, Richard Preston travels to Africa on his own to see the Kitum Cave and other sites that were mentioned throughout the novel. Finally, the author visits the monkey house in Reston which is now abandoned.This novel was an incredible journey of a virus from its origin and to what it became as it was passed from host to host. I learned how a virus can adapt and form different strands which can cause it to become more deadly. This was an extraordinary story and incredibly informative.

Milton’s Paradise Lost :: Paradise Lost

Miltons Paradise Lost Critics of the Romantic Period have claimed that John Milton was unconsciously allied with the forces of evil. In Paradise Lost Miltons accounts of Devils & Hell ar much more elaborate and awe inspiring than those of Angels & God. Hell and daimon are portrayed extensively whereas the reader is given brief and inconclusive glimpses of Heaven. The apparent dichotomy is explained by William Blake The reason Milton wrote in fetters when he wrote of Angels & Gods, and at liberty when of Devils & Hell, is because he was a true Poet and of the Devils Party without knowing it.Miltons adherence to orthodox views resulted in an uninspired portrait of Heaven. Hell, in contrast, was greatly real the vivid imagery of the volcanic and desolate terrain gave Hell a genuine ambience. Milton described Hell as a lake of tin (280) and commented on the Floods and Whirlwinds of tempestuous fire (77). He indicated that darkness is given off instead of light No light, but rat her darkness visible (63). The devils, especially Satan, were characterized in more point in time than the angels or God. The first two books of Paradise Lost featured the fallen angels debate understanding their future plans. As a true Poet Milton sought to appeal to the emotions of his readers. The innate human inclination towards evil inspired Miltons powerful description of Hell as opposed to his unimaginative view of Heaven.Milton held strongly antipathetic views with regard to tyrannical authorities. He created numerous pamphlets to protest the regime of unjust rulers such as King Charles I. Blake suggested that Miltons opposition to tyranny was also applicable to the business office of God. Both Satan and Milton expressed similar rebellious sentiments. In Paradise Lost, Satan speaks of Gods unjust rule, which parallels Miltons philosophy regarding tyrannical princes and kings of his day. For example, Satan says to his followers that All is not lost the unconquera ble Will / And study of revenge, immortal hate / And courage never to submit or yield (106-108).

Music and the Leit Motif in Hamlet :: Free GCSE Coursework

Music and the Leit Motif in crossroads       Throughout William Shakespeares settlement, many leit motifs were seen. If the description of a allegorical symbol was employ for the concept of a leit motif, music was a leit motif in Hamlet.  Music was repetitively brought up, in the play, and was also used by Shakespeare as a means of portraying the concept of being played upon.  The flute was used to illustrate how Hamlet and Claudius played upon new(prenominal)s and each other.  Ophelia and other characters sang while they were mad, or dealing with mad characters. The use of music in Hamlet tied in with the concepts of Apolonian rhythm Dionysian, spying and lying, madness, poetry verse prose, and the burden of revenge on a thinking man.    Possibly the most obvious case of music being used as a hunt in for the idea of one playing upon another was seen in Act 4 Sc. 1, on lines 25-38. At this point in the play, Hamlet was confronted by Gui ldenstern, as Guildenstern made an attempt to spy on Hamlet.  Hamlet countered Guildensterns inquiry when he questioned him as to if he could not play a pipe, how could Guildenstern expect to play Hamlet, when he stated You would play upon medo you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe? Call me what instrument you will, you cannot play upon me. (Act 3. Sc. 2. Ln. 394-402).  Hamlet then likened flute playing to lying, when he stated that It is as easy as lying. (Act 3. Sc. 2 Ln. 387)  Though Guildenstern attempted to play upon Hamlet, it was a futile attempt, as even Guildenstern admitted that he did not have the skill (Act 3. Sc. 2. Ln. 392) to play upon Hamlet.    If being played upon was linked to music through the previously mentioned scene, three other  study instances of characters were seen were one character played upon another.  The first of these cases, were Hamlet put on the play to trick Claudius, was also in Act 3 Scene 2.  Hamlet put on the play to prove to himself that the ghosts words were true and that Claudius did indeed kill his father.  Claudius was successfully played upon when he stormed out of the play at the critical point where the player king was brought back to life.  The play tied the leit

Music and the Leit Motif in Hamlet :: Free GCSE Coursework

Music and the Leit Motif in juncture       Throughout William Shakespeares crossroads, many leit motifs were seen. If the definition of a allegorical symbol was apply for the concept of a leit motif, music was a leit motif in Hamlet.  Music was repetitively brought up, in the play, and was also used by Shakespeare as a means of portraying the concept of being played upon.  The flute was used to illustrate how Hamlet and Claudius played upon new(prenominal)s and each other.  Ophelia and other characters sang while they were mad, or dealing with mad characters. The use of music in Hamlet tied in with the concepts of Apolonian versify Dionysian, spying and lying, madness, poetry verse prose, and the burden of revenge on a thinking man.    Possibly the most obvious case of music being used as a principal in for the idea of one playing upon another was seen in Act 4 Sc. 1, on lines 25-38. At this point in the play, Hamlet was confronted by Gu ildenstern, as Guildenstern made an attempt to spy on Hamlet.  Hamlet countered Guildensterns inquiry when he questioned him as to if he could not play a pipe, how could Guildenstern expect to play Hamlet, when he stated You would play upon medo you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe? Call me what instrument you will, you cannot play upon me. (Act 3. Sc. 2. Ln. 394-402).  Hamlet then likened flute playing to lying, when he stated that It is as easy as lying. (Act 3. Sc. 2 Ln. 387)  Though Guildenstern attempted to play upon Hamlet, it was a futile attempt, as even Guildenstern admitted that he did not have the skill (Act 3. Sc. 2. Ln. 392) to play upon Hamlet.    If being played upon was linked to music through the previously mentioned scene, three other  study instances of characters were seen were one character played upon another.  The first of these cases, were Hamlet put on the play to trick Claudius, was also in Act 3 Scene 2.  Hamle t put on the play to prove to himself that the ghosts words were true and that Claudius did indeed kill his father.  Claudius was successfully played upon when he stormed out of the play at the contract point where the player king was brought back to life.  The play tied the leit

Ess (Exam Scheduling System)

CHAPTER IV Presentation of Data, Software Product Analysis and Implementation The Existing formation doyen 0 manual(a) Process Administrator Day of ExamSchedule era Term dwells Teachers Subjects Sections accede 4. 1 Process of the Manual Scheduling The figure shows the existing outline of AMA information processing remains College Lipa. The administrator will gather the information needed for the manual process of Scheduling. After gathering the selective information the administrator will manually do the schedule. The Proposed System 0 Computerized Scheduling Dean Administrator File MaintenanceSchedule Schedule Management Figure 4. Process of the Proposed System The figure shows the content of the proposed administration. Once the single-valued functionr entered to the establishment, the system is ready to accommodate the File Maintenance, Schedule Management, Schedule Browser and Reports. Prospective User The Administrator will act as the principal(a) put onr of the p roposed system. The primary user has access to all the features of the system which includes file maintenance, schedule managing, schedule browsing and generating reports. The primary user can add, edit, update and delete different proceeding of all the features mentioned above.The user also allows to print all the reports that was produced by the system. Components of the Proposed System In Software Product Analysis in Chapter III, the proponents discussed the different possible software program that can be used in making the proposed study. Among all those software, the proponents decided to chose the SQL server cc8 for database, and optical Basic . Net 2005 as the programming language. The proponents prefer to use the SQL Server 2008 over other databases it provides much faster Full-Text Search capability and much faster processing once SQL Server 2008 features are used.In addition, SQL Server 2008 provides for much efficient storage of data and indexes including filtered index es, wide tables, sparse columns, and page level compression. In terms of programming language use, the proponents used Visual Basic. Net 2005 because the Visual Basic. Net is one of the most popular languages used in the software development industry. VB. Net provides managed code execution that runs under the Common Language Runtime (CLR), resulting in robust, stable and secure applications. VB. NET is free threading against theVB single-threaded apartment feature. All features of the . NET framework are readily available in VB. NET. VB. NET is totally objective oriented. This is a major addition that VB6 and other earlier releases didnt have. Security has become more robust in VB. NET. System Design DFD (Data flux Diagram) is used by the proponents to show the graphical authority of the flow of data through the system. This is also used in visualizing of data processing. The context is the summary of DFD of the existing and proposed Data feed Diagram (DFD).This is the commonly used system modeling tools, particularly for the operational system in where the functions are paramount important and more complex than the data that system manipulates. The context is the summary of the Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of proposed system. The DFD (Data Flow Diagram) is shown in figure 4. 1 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System train 0 1. 0 Course Year Section Rooms Subject Teacher 3. 0 Generate Reports 2. 0 Process Schedule for Term Dean Administrator Processed Schedule Schedule Figure 4. 3 Level 0 of Data Flow Diagram Figure 4. 3 shows the overview process as a whole.It starts from the Admin, the user, with corresponding data that goes to different menus provided by the system. These are basically the primary inputs to be processed by the system which creates reports. This diagram is mainly the representation of the software developed. Level 1 of Process 1 File Maintenance 1. 1 Add Course Dean 1. 2 Add Year 1. 3 Add Rooms 1. 4 Add S ubjects 1. 5 Add Teachers 1. 6 Add Section Figure 4. 4 Level 1 of Data Flow Diagram The diagram Level 1 shows the procedure of accessing the file maintenance.The diagram shows how to add, edit, update and delete a data. It provides space for the user to input new data to the database. Level 2 Process 2 Schedule Management 2. 1 2. 2 DEAN School Year holded up Saved Fill up Schedule Update D6 Schedule Year schedule schedule Section Subject List form Room Updated Day Schedule Time Schedule 2. 3 Schedule Print Report STUDENTS Figure 4. 5 Level 2 of Data Flow Diagram The diagram Level 2 shows the procedure of accessing the Schedule Management. The user will fill up the schedule form. After making the schedule, the user can also print the report. Level 3 Process 3 Generate Reports D7 Schedule Saved Schedule Section Schedule 3. 2 3. 1 DEAN Generate Schedule Generate Room Section Reports Schedule Reports Room Schedule Schedule Students Figure 4. 6 Level 3 of Data Flow Diagram The diagram Level 5 shows the corresponding procedures that the system provides under the report button. It shows the section schedule and room schedule reports. System Evaluation Report The respondents of this study responded so well end-to-end the survey process. The proponents got a good approval of improving the existing system into the proposed one project. Part I. 1. Suitability The systems appearance is suitable for its use tabularise 4. 1 SuitabilitySuitability Number of Percentage of rake size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating map the suitability of the system 4 strongly add 200 200/229 x 100 = 87% 87% of 360 = 320 3 assort 29 29/229 x 100 = 13% 13% of 360 = 40 2 disagree 0 0 0 1 strongly 0 0 0 discord Suitability 13% potently coincide associate 87% Figure 4. 1 Pie map for System SuitabilityFigure 4. 1 shows that 87% or 200 of the respondents strongly concur that the system is suitable and 13% or 29 of the respondents hold in the suitability of the system. 2. Interoperability The systems ICONs are all working parry 4. 2 Interoperability Interoperability Number of Percentage of Angle size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the interoperability of the system 4powerfully equalize 199 199/229 x 100 = 87% 87% of 360 = 313 3 outfit 30 30/229 x 100 = 13% 13% of 360 = 47 2 take issue 0 0 0 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Interoperability 13% Strongly Agree Agree 87% Figure 4. 2 Pie Chart for System Interoperability Figure 4. 2 shows that 87% or 199 of the respondents strongly agreed that the system is working and 13% or 30 of the respondents agreed in the interoperability of the system. 3. Compliance The system supports the performance they need. Table 4. 3 Compliance Compliance Number of Percenta ge of Angle size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the compliance of the system Strongly Agree 198 198/229 x 100 = 86% 86% of 360 = 310 3 Agree 31 31/229 x 100 = 14% 14% of 360 = 50 2 Disagree 0 0 0 1 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Compliance 14% Strongly Agree Agree 86% Figure 4. 3 Pie Chart for System Compliance Figure 4. 3 shows that 86% or 198 of the respondents strongly agreed that the system supports the system they need and 14% or 31 of the respondents agreed in the compliance of the system. Part II 2. Systems Usability The system is liberal to use and navigate Table 4. 4 UnderstandabilityUnderstandability Number of Percentage of Angle size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the understandability of the system 4Strongly Agree 229 229/229 x 100 = 100% 100% of 360 = 360 3 Agree 0 0 0 2 Disagree 0 0 0 1 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Understandability Strongly Agree 100% Figure 4. 4 Pie Chart for System Understandability Figure 4. 4 shows that 100% or 229 of the respondents strongly agreed that the system is easy to understand. . Learnability The system is easy to use and navigate Table 4. 5 Learnability Learnability Number of Percentage of Angle size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the learnability of the system 4Strongly Agree 198 198/229 x 100 = 86% 86% of 360 = 310 3 Agree 31 31/229 x 100 = 14% 14% of 360 = 50 2 Disagree 0 0 0 1 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Learnability 14% Strongly Agree Agree 86% Figure 4. 5 Pie Chart for System Learnability Figure 4. shows that 86% or 198 of the respondents strongly agreed that the system is easy to use and navigate and 14% or 31 of the respondents agreed in the navigation of the system. Part III Systems reliability 1. the true The system gives an accurate output. Table 4. 6 accuracy Accuracy Number of Percentage of Angle size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the accuracy of the system 4Strongly Agree 200 200/229 x 100 = 87% 87% of 360 = 313 3 Agree 29 29/229 x 100 = 13% 13% of 360 = 47 2 Disagree 0 0 0 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Accuracy 13% Strongly Agree Agree 87% Figure 4. 6 Pie Chart for System Accuracy Figure 4. 6 shows that 87% or 200 of the respondents strongly agreed that the system gives accurate output and 13% or 29 of the respondents agreed in the accuracy of the system. 2. Recovery The system has ability to recover form failure. Table 4. 7 Recovery Recovery Number of Percentage of Angle size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the recovery of the system 4Strongly Agree 198 198/229 x 100 = 86% 86% of 360 = 310 3 Agree 31 31/229 x 100 = 14% 14% of 360 = 50 2 Disagree 0 0 0 1 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Recovery 14% Strongly Agree Agree 86% Figure 4. 7 Pie Chart for System Accuracy Figure 4. 7 shows that 86% or 198 of the respondents strongly agreed that th e system has ability to recover form failure and 14% or 31 of the respondents agreed in the recovery of the system. Part IV Systems competency 1. Resource BehaviorThe system provides an optimum enjoyment of the resources. Table 4. 8 Resource Behavior Resource Number of Percentage of Angle size for Pie Behavior Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the resource behavior of the system 4Strongly Agree 195 195/229 x 100 = 85% 85% of 360 = 306 3 Agree 34 34/229 x 100 = 15% 15% of 360 = 54 2 Disagree 0 0 0 1 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Resource Behavior 15% Strongly Agree Agree 85% Figure 4. 8 Pie Chart for System Resource Behavior Figure 4. shows that 85% or 195 of the respondents strongly agreed that the system provides an optimum utilization of the resources and 15% or 34 of the respondents agreed in the resource behavior of the system. 2. Time Behavior The system responses on time or as needed. Table 4. 9 Time Behavior Time Behavior Number of Percent age of Angle size for Pie Respondents respondents evaluating Chart the time behavior of the system 4Strongly Agree 201 201/229 x 100 = 88% 88% of 360 = 317 3 Agree 28 28/229 x 100 = 12% 12% of 360 = 43 2 Disagree 0 0 0 Strongly 0 0 0 Disagree Time Behavior 12% Strongly Agree Agree 88% Figure 4. 9 Pie Chart for System Time Behavior Figure 4. 9 shows that 88% or 201 of the respondents strongly agreed that the system responses on time or as needed and 12% or 29 of the respondents agreed in the time behavior of the system. System Evaluation for AMACC Lipa Campus Students 1. Systems Functionality Table 4. 10 Systems Functionality Criteria Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Weighted Rank Agree Disagree Mean Suitability 200 29 0 0 3. 7 1 Interoperability 199 30 0 0 3. 87 1 Compliance 198 31 0 0 3. 87 2 2. Systems Usability Table 4. 11 Systems Usability Criteria Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Weighted Rank Agree Disagree Mean Understandability 22 9 0 0 0 4 1 Learnability 198 31 0 0 3. 86 2 3. Systems Reliability Table 4. 12 Systems Reliability Criteria Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Weighted Rank Agree Disagree Mean Accuracy 200 29 0 0 3. 87 1 Recovery 198 31 0 0 3. 86 2 4. Systems Efficiency Table 4. 12Systems Efficiency Criteria Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Weighted Rank Agree Disagree Mean Resource Behavior 195 34 0 0 3. 85 2 Time Behavior 201 28 0 0 3. 88 1 Over-all System Evaluation of AMACC Lipa Campus Students Table 4. 13 Over-all System Evaluation of AMACC Lipa Campus Students Criteria Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Weighted Rank Agree Disagree Mean Functionality 199 28 0 0 3. 88 1 Usability 142 31 0 0 3. 82 2 Reliability 199 30 0 0 3. 87 1 Efficiency 198 31 0 0 3. 6 3 Table 4. 26 Verbal Interpretation of Evaluation Result Option Scale Verbal Interpretation 4 3. 50 4. 00 Strongly Agree 3 2. 55 3. 54 Agree 2 1. 55 2. 54 Disagree 1 1. 00 1. 54 Strongly Disagree Table 4. 27 Interpretation of Over-all Evaluation of AMACC Lipa Campus Student Criteria Weighted Mean Verbal Rank Interpretation Functionality 3. 88 Strongly Agree 1 Usability 3. 82 Strongly Agree 2 Reliability 3. 87 Strongly Agree 1 Efficiency 3. 86 Strongly Agree 3 Average Strongly Agree

What is K-12? Essay

According to the K to 12 Deped Primer (2011), K-12 means Kindergarten and the 12 days of elementary and secondary cultivation. Kindergarten points to the 5-year old child who undertakes the standardized curriculum for preschoolers. simple-minded study refers to 6 years of primary school (Grades 1-6) while secondary education means four years of junior high school (Grades 7-10 or HS Year 1-4). In addition to this, two years are now allotted for senior high school (Grades 11-12 or HS Year 5-6).see morek-12 advantages and disadvantagesWhat is the rationale for this course of instruction?There is an urgent need to enhance the quality of basic education in our country as seen in the education outcomes of Philippine students and the comparative disadvantage of the Philippines with regard to other countries. The following data would support this explanation At present, the Philippines is the only country in Asia and among the three remaining countries in the world that uses a 10-yea r basic education cycle. According to a presentation made by the South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO-INNOTECH) on Additional Years in Philippine Basic Education (2010), the comparative data on duration of Basic and Pre-University Education in Asia shows that the Philippines allots 10 years not just for the basic education cycle but also for the pre-university education while all the other countries gain either 11 or 12 years in their basic education cycle. Achievement scores highlight our students poor performance in national examinations.The National Achievement tally (NAT) results for grade 6 in SY 2009-2010 showed only a 69.21% passing rate while the NAT results for high school is at a low 46.38%. Moreover, international tests results in 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science study (TIMSS) show that the Philippines ranked 34th out of 38 countries in HS Math and 43rd out of 46 countries in HS II Science. Moreover, the Philippines ranked the lowest in 2008 even with only the science high schools joining the Advanced Mathematics category. The present curriculum is set forth as congested. This means that students do not get enough time to perform tasks because the curriculum is designed to be taught in a span of 12 years and not 10 years.The more obvious result of this is the fact that most high school students graduate without the readiness to take upon higher educationor employment. These students are not equipped with the basic skills or competencies needed at work. Furthermore, the short duration of our basic education program retchs Filipinos who are kindle to either work or study abroad at a disadvantage. This is because other countries see our 10-year program as incomplete, which then, causes Filipino graduates to not be considered as professionals abroad. Given all these supporting facts, there is indeed a need to improve the quality of basic education by enhancing it and by expanding the basic education cycle . What is the vision of this program?Records will show that as early as 1925, there were already efforts to improve the basic education curriculum and recommendations have been put forward since then. Thus, this idea of adding years to the present curriculum is not new. The K-12 Curriculum envisions holistically developed learners with 21st century skills (Deped Primer, 2011). At the core of this basic education program is the complete human development of every graduate (DepEd discussion paper, p.6). This further means that every student would have an understanding of the world around him and a passion for life-long learning while addressing every students basic learning needs learning to learn, the acquisition of numeracy, literacy, and scientific and technological knowledge as applied to daily life (p.6). In addition to this, every graduate is envisioned to have respect for human rights and would aim to become Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makabansa, Maka-kalikasan (p.6) The K-12 vision aims to have relevance in the socio-economic realm, as well. This means that the students would understand their role as productive members of the country. Such vision can only be possible through and through an enhanced curriculum.What are the benefits of this program?Prof. Calingasan explains that while parents may look at this as extended expense i.e., paying tuition for another 2 years in high school, this would offset itself since the competencies one would learn from the additional years are the same ones which the first two years of general education in college teach.The DepEd primer (2011) specifies the benefits to individuals and families1. A decongested academic workload, giving students more time to master competencies and for co-curricular activities and community involvement, thus, allowing for a more holistic development2. Graduates will possess competencies and skills germane(predicate) to the job market and they will be prepared for higher education3. K-12 is afford able4. The potential annual earnings of a K-12 graduate will be higher compared to the earnings of a 10-year high school graduate5. Graduates will be recognized abroad.The benefits of K-12 curriculum for the society and the economy are1. It will domiciliate to economic growth. Studies show that improvements in the quality of education increases GDP growth. According to the DepEd (2010), studies in the country have reflected that an additional year of school increases the earnings by 7.5% and that improvements in the quality of education will enable the GDP grow by 2-2.2%.2. It will facilitate the recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals in other countries3. A better educated society provides a sound foundation for long-term socio-economic development.

The First of Its Kind

The First of Its Kind I still remember being in an eighth grade U. S. History differentiate back in my Junior high years. One distinct memory of that course, by chance the most memorable of all the projects we had, came in the first month of the inculcate year, in the curriculums first unit the founding of the United disk operating systems as its own nation. As the textbook timeline approached 1787 we prepargond ourselves for a daunting task memorize and restate the Preamble.We as students would wait anxiously as, one by ne, each of our peers would step up to the front of the classroom and begin to do from memory. Few people could recite the Preamble smoothly, just now for those who stumbled, we all seemed to remember perfectively the first and last chunks We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union and do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. To us back in eighth grade, that missing middle section was Just a group of words to be more-or-less forgotten the next day. To our forefathers, however, that middle section was vital in reating the basis for the supreme law of the United States. Much give care my peers and I in the eighth grade, our forefathers who assembled 226 years ago were faced with a daunting task for the state that they were in. At this point in our history, America was a newborn in the world, only eleven years of age.Now left without the common cause that the Revolutionary War provided for the prior two decades, the former colonies struggled to find each sense of unity, and the world watched like adults watching an infant non their own crusade to stand upright on two feet without all assistance. Or perhaps a better metaphor would be an infant attempting to stand on his hands Americans not only had to erect a lasting administration system, but create one unlike any other. But the United States was by no means hopeless.Our founding fathers had already put forth one at tempt with the Articles of Confederation, which ultimately resulted in a loose confederation of thirteen independent states. The Articles did provide a Congress, but the provision was a handicapped version created without any real command over the states. And this was purposely so instead of taking a radical leap of faith into a new republic, he Articles primed(p) a steppingstone towards the Constitution so as not to provoke the states, fresh from a revolution.This steppingstone of compromise is what I believe to be the basis of the thought work behind the Constitution. Soon after the Articles of Confederation were adopted, a convention was summoned to meet in Philadelphia to revise the Articles in response to the recent problems, much(prenominal) as visualised in Shays Rebellion. When the fifty-five delegates assembled, however, it became clear that the Articles had to be scrapped for a new Constitution. To effectively describe in one ord the discussion that happened behind th e closed doors of the Pennsylvania State House during that long summer of 1787 compromise.The delegates, most of whom had Just recently rebelled against their mother country, wouldnt be shaken very easily in their ideas and proposals for how the government should conduct, and compromise became a necessity. So much so that one of the biggest achievements of the Constitutional Convention was called the Great Compromise, creating a middle ground to please botn the large and small states, whose ideas ot prototype harply contrasted.Many other compromises defined the convention the Electoral College was a compromise between direct and indirect pre billetntial election, and the Three-fifths Compromise effectively represented the nations view of bondage (and prevented an eventual collapse of the convention due to debate over the humanity of slavery). By September 17, 1787, the first draft of the Constitution was finalized, signed, and sent out to be sign by the states. A major problem th at echoed the notion of compromise soon arose as the first draft was sent out to the states.American people began to side with either Federalists or Antifederalists, who lobbied against each other over whether this Constitution was worthy of ratification. The greatest weapon that the Antifederalists held was the lack of a bill of rights stating the rights and freedoms that an American citizen were to have. And thus some other compromise was hammered out by the drafters of the Constitution a promise to amend the Constitution to include what we now call our Bill of Rights. With this, many of the states ratified the Constitution and allowed its adoption by June 21, 1788.And o, save a handful of amendments to occur later in history, the United States now had a formidable government created by a Constitution actually worthy of the new republic. In it, our forefathers structured a straightforward explanation of the three branches of our government, the powers granted and denied to each d epartment, and the difference in powers granted to the states and the powers reserved to the federal government. The strict structure of the Constitution reveals a second facet of its drafters thought process (the first being compromise) the formation of a lasting egime.Compared to the history of some other countries, the U. S. has enjoyed some fair consistency in its government in the aspect that our Constitution withstands without any complete turn back of the government. This is established in that middle section of the Preamble six main purposes of the Constitution were clearly stated in order to form a more perfect union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity.The longevity of the Constitution that had to be part of its drafters clothed can be easily seen in ways that live past our forefathers. Along with our Declaration of Independence, the Constitution has been a source of inspiration for many events in history both our history as a nation and events in world history. Countless events in the U. S. have been inspired by the words pen in those documents abolitionist movements and the Civil War the Declaration of Sentiments and the womens rights movements other numerous civil rights movements court cases such as Marbury v.Madison controversy over acts of Congress such as the Alien and Sedition Laws. Words quoted from the Declaration of Independence and Constitution have greatly influenced pop culture, especially through music, and the notions of equality, rude(a) rights, and Justified government have inspired events throughout the world, notably the French Revolution and the Spanish American War. The idea of a written constitution, which the U. S. Constitution started, and the ideas of government structure and natural rights have inspired constitutions of other countries.To conclude, the history of the drafting of th e Constitution and the history of its impact on the world greatly reflect the thought process that our forefathers utilised in writing it. Two aspects ot the Constitution denne the purpose witn which its drafters based its words upon the basis of compromise and the structure with which the Constitution would last for the past 226 years. Our forefathers might not have anticipated that the Constitution last for over two centuries, but they most certainly wrote it with the intent of a strong foundation for the nation we are proud to call our home the United States of America.

Bmw Strategy

Background The Munich based Bayerische Motoren Werke AG(BMW)automobile company grew into unity of the leading automobile producers in the world by the 1990s, and radically changed the way BMW was handling innovation member management at its automobile division. Goals To develop and demonstrate exceptional skills in constantly creating and capturing value, through its innovations and training of new products. Actions(Actual Ideas) The new innovation management system was developed and implemented in the 1990s.Let innovation be the driving force for its product development process throughout the late 1990s. BMWs innovative strategy- Based on four main pillars In-house R&D and investments in long-term and risky projectspic pic Establishing an innovation acculturation and working environment Open innovation Appropriability Strategy Results(Benefits) (1)BMW was able to exploit various path breaking technological innovations, right from the idea generation compass point to the market introduction stage. (2)The company was able to develop continuous stream of new products and brands. 3)BMW successfully withstood competitive pressures and held on to its market position, and established itself as one of the leading players in the premium segment of the global automobile market. (4)BMW was awarded the Outstanding Corporate Innovator(OCI) title for 2002 by the Product Development & Management Association(PDMA). Innovative concepts and technologies efficacious Dynamics The long-term energy strategy of the BMW Group innovations for lower consumption. It is the most effective concept worldwide for ensuring the long-term sustainability of individual mobility, and it is the framework for uaranteeing the ecological, economic and companionable viability of our future. The Efficient Dynamics strategy is based on four main approaches or pillars to promote sustainability. The first is focused on the optimisation of petrol and diesel motor engines to achieve better fuel co nsumption, and this also includes steps to optimise lightweight construction, aerodynamics and energy management. The three other pillars are hybridisation and electrification of vehicle cater trains and the long-term use of regenerative hydrogen as a source of fuel. Connected drive BMW ConnectedDrive offers customers options and solutions that can be ordered for all BMW models, from the 1 Series to the 7 Series, in selected markets around the world. Connectivity to web servers, Real-Time Traffic Information in combination with a networked navigation system, the integration of vehicle-specific apps with mobile end devices, the BMW Head-Up Display or the Emergency Call function these and other features of BMW ConnectedDrive offer drivers everywhere a host of incomparable mobility services.

The Effect Of Manual Therapy Health And Social Care Essay

The berm intrusion syndrome is bingle of the most common causes of aching sensation and disfunction in the jocks bring up. Primary shoulder conjugation misdemeanor syndrome crowd out happen in anyone who repeatedly or forcefully uses the upper appendage in an empyrean position. The patho-mechanics of this syndrome implicate activities that repetitively place the cry up in oer caput places. Majority of jocks who manifest this status take part in base formal, swimming, cricket and tennis, except it is by no agencies confined to these athleticss. Repeated compaction of the subacromial contents causes micro-pockets of harm which finally summate as the activity is persisted with. Capsular meanness appears to be a common mechanical job in master(a) impacted tooth syndrome. The resulting inflammatory reaction involves vascular congestion and hydrops into the sinew or Bursa which farther reduces the place beneath the coraco-acromial arch. This consequences in bother that interferes with normal biomechanics of the shoulder by doing musculus encroachment and compensatory effects or positions. The importance of its acknowledgment is that encroachment is frequently a progressive tense status that, if recognized and treated early, can h grey-headed a more(prenominal) favourable result. De correct in acknowledgment and intervention can let substitute(prenominal) alterations to happen, with attendant restrictions in intervention options and functional results.1.2 THE MagnitudeThe magnitude of the job is at runninged by the fact that 30 to 60 per centum of competitory swimmers and 25 per centum of base ball hurlers and tennis participants incur this malady at some bear down during their callings. Recognition of the syndrome and early non-operative intercession are indispensable for a advantageful declaration and the regress of jocks to their accustomed full point of public presentation.Most jocks start take parting in athleticss when they are compar atively immature, by adolescence many would hold experienced the symptoms ordinarily known as bursitis , misfortuneitis , or supraspinatus syndrome . impacted tooth syndrome is by far the most common docile tissue hurt of the shoulder for which an jock seeks intervention.1.3 Mechanical FactorCapsular stringency appears to be a common mechanical job in primary impingement syndrome. The savetocks, anterior and wanting(p) part of the capsule has been reported to be regard in this.Athletes or persons who avoid painful overhead activity or who are subjected to gesture instabilities as a consequence of their athleticss can develop capsular stringency which restricts joint mobility and prevent opposite way humeral caput semivowel taking to an earlier oncoming or great grade of subacromial compaction and painful or limited map, peculiarly in elevated planes of motion.1.4 OVERUSE INJURIES AN OUTLINEOveruse hurts in jocks are more common than traumatic and post surgical hurts to shoulder. The joint by structural default via medias on stableness for the interest of mobility. This poses a complex interaction of laxness, rotator calamity hurt ( Tensile tendonitis ) and impingement hurts ( Compression tendonitis ) taking to syndrome doing functional restriction.The etiology once more is attributed to patho-mechanics and can be classified into primary and secondary causes.Primary CAUSESPrimary encroachmenti? Increased subacromial burdeni? Acromial morphology ( A hooked acromial do work, presence of an osacromiale or osteophyte, and/or calcific sedimentations in the subacromial infinite make patients more predisposed for primary encroachment. )i? Acromioclaviculararthrosis ( lacking(p) osteophytes )i? Coracoacromial ligament hypertrophyi? Coracoid encroachmenti? Subacromialbursal thickener and fibrosisi? Prominent humeral greater tuberclei? Trauma ( direct macrotrauma or vociferous microtrauma )i? Overhead activity ( athletic and nonathletic )Secondary CAUSE SSecondary encroachmenti? Rotator turnup overload/soft tissue instabilityi? Eccentric musculus overloadi? Glenohumeral laxity/instabilityi? Long caput of the biceps tendon laxity/weaknessi? Glenoid labral lesionsi? Muscle instabilityi? scapular dyskinesiai? rateerior capsular stringencyi? Trapezius palsy1.5 NEED FOR THE STUDYThe usage of manual(a) therapy as a constituent of comprehensive rehabilitation attendance is even so non really popular and there are only few surveies done in this peculiar country and needs more nonsubjective findings. It is this deficit my purview aims to bridge.1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe specific hypotheses were that patients diagnosed with primary shoulder encroachment syndrome, treated with manual joint mobilization unite with hot battalions, energetic scope of gesture, physiologic str and so oning, musculus strengthening utilisations, soft tissue mobilisation and patient instruction would see less hurting strength upon subacromial com paction testing and Greater prompt scope of gesture. My survey aims to sketch the benefits of integrating Manual therapy technique into intervention governments.1.7 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYThe aim of the survey is to handbill the consequence of manual therapy ( mulligan stew, Maitland ) as a constituent of comprehensive intervention for primary shoulder encroachment syndrome in athletic shoulder.1.8 HYPOTHESISThe void hypothesis for the survey is stated as companys There is no important difference in cut downing hurting and bettering scope of gesture and map on utilizing manual therapy techniques in overhead jocks with primary shoulder encroachment syndrome 2. LITERATURE REVIEWi Lo YP, Hsu YC and Chan KM conducted a survey in 372 participants and found that 163 individuals ( 43.8 % ) had shoulder jobs and 109 participants ( 29 % ) had shoulder hurting. The prevalence of shoulder hurting ranked highest among volley ball participants ( N= 28 ) followed by swimmers ( N= 22 ) , badmi nton, hoops and tennis ( Br.J.Sports Med, sep 1990 )i Fluerst Ml has stated impingement syndrome to be one among the 10 most common athleticss hurts and impute it to unstable design of the joint. He suggests exercising to rotator turnup beef uping to keep the shoulder in topographic point and forestalling disruptions ( American Health Oct 1994 ) .i Fu FH, Harner CD and Klein AH classifies encroachment into 2 classs Primary and Secondary. Primary being ca apply by nonathletic hurts of supraspinatus sinew temporary hookup secondary is caused by athletic hurts due to unstable forms of motion ( nerve-racking and end scopes ) . This they reason will enable better clinical attacks. ( Clin. Orthop Aug 1991 ) .i Brox JL, Staff PH, Ljunggren AE & A Brevik JL used Neer shoulder mark and found that surgery and supervised exercising plan decidedly had an improved rotary motion when compared to placebo intervention. ( BMJ Oct 1993 ) .i Blevins FT has suggested categorization of rotator cuff hu rt and disfunction based on etiology as primary encroachment, primary tensile overload and secondary encroachment and tensile overload result from glenohumeral instability. Arthoscopic scrutiny shows anterior capsular laxness ( positive thrust done mark ) every spotlight beloved as superior posterior labral and cuff hurt typical of intrinsic encroachment. If rehabilitation entirely is non successful a capsulolabral fix followed by rehabilitation may let the jock to return to their old degree of competition. Athletes with acute episodes of macrotrauma to the shoulder ensuing in turnup pathology usually presents with hurting, limited active lift and a positive shrug-sign . Arthroscopy and debridement of thickened, inflamed or blemish subacromial Bursa with cuff fix or debridement as indicated is ordinarily successful in those who do non react to a rehabilitation plan. ( Sports Med.1997 ) .i Masala S et al. , in their survey on Impingement syndrome of shoulder have proved that CT and magnetic resonance imaging are more dependable and accurate diagnostic rules. CT scan is slight to even cold-shoulder bony alterations and MRI detects tendon, Bursa and rotator turnup alterations. However they suggest obviously X raies to be performed as a first process. ( Radiol. Med Jan 1995 ) . This thought of MRI being sensitive to name encroachment has at any rate been confirmed by Rossi F ( Eur.J.Radiol. May 1998 ) . However, Holder J has concluded that distinction between tendinopathy and uncomplete cryings might be hard utilizing MRI imagination. ( Radiologe Dec 1996 ) .i Corso G has emphasized the usage of impingement alleviation effort as an adjunctive process to traditional appraisal of shoulder encroachment Syndrome. This purportedly helps in insulating the primary tissue lesion. Such that conservative direction could be addressed to that specific twisting ( J.ortho. Phys Ther, Nov 1995 ) .i Brossmann J and co-workers from the veterans disposal medical centre of California have stated that MR imagination of different shoulder places may assist uncover the pathogenesis of shoulder encroachment Syndrome. ( AJR Am. J Roentgenol. Dec 1996 ) .i Deutsch A, Altcheck DW et al. , have shown that patients with phase II and phase III encroachment had a larger scapulothoracic constituent than the normal shoulder during abduction motion. The superior migration of humeral caput is likely the consequence of turnup run shorture, either partial or complete.i Douglas E. Conroy and Karen W Hayes in their article on Impingement syndrome in the athlete shoulder have once and for all stated that the topics having joint mobilisation and comprehensive intervention would hold improved mobility and map compared to interchangeable patients having comprehensive intervention entirely. militarization decreased 24-hour hurting and hurting with subacromial compaction trial in patients with primary impingement Syndrome. ( J Orthop Sports Phys. Ther. Mar 1998 ) .i Hawkins RJ and Hobeika PE in their article on Impingement syndrome in the athlete shoulder have once and for all stated that the impingement syndrome may slop over at any clip to affect the next biceps tendon, subacromical Bursa and acromio-claviular articulation and as a continuum, with the transition of clip, may eventuate in decadency and partial, even complete thickness, rotator turnup cryings subsequently in life. They anyway recommend careful warm-up exercisings, occasional remainder by avoiding piquing motion and local modes of ice, ultrasound and transcutantaneous stimulation along with pharmacotherapy. They besides province surgical decompression and unequivocal acromioplasty could be performed. ( Cl. Sports. Med. Jul 1983 ) .i Bak K and Magnusson SP have emphasized that internal rotary motion might be oft more affected than the external rotary motion which might do superior migration of humeral caput. They besides province that scope of gesture in shoulder affe ct non correlate with the happening of shoulder hurting. ( Am. J. Sport Med, Jul 1997 ) .i Homes CF and associates of University of Arkansas have concluded that intensive patient instruction, place plan, curative exercisings and specific manual mobilisation has better patient conformity and lesser abnormalcies on nonsubjective scrutiny after 1 year. ( J.Orthop. Sports. Phys. Ther. Dec 1997 ) .i McCann PD and Bigliani LU in their article on Shoulder hurting in tennis participants has emphasized rotator turnup and scapular musculus strengthening and surgical stabilisation of the capsulo-labral composite for patients who fail rehabilitation plan. Prevention of hurt in tennis participants seem to depend upon flexibleness, strength and synchronism among the gleno-humeral and scapular musculuss. ( Sports Med. Jan 1994 ) .i Carpenter JE et al. , in their article in MDX wellness digest have found out that there is an addition in threshold for motion proprioception by 73 % . This lessening in proprioceptive esthesis might play a critical function in diminishing athletic public presentation and in weariness think disfunction. Thought it is still dubious if developing improves the perceptual experience, this is an of import determination that has farfetched deductions in the intervention of shoulder impingement syndrome as weariness might be quite an common with the lessening vascularity and injury to the construction of rotator turnup. ( Am. J. Sports Med Mar 1998 ) .i Scheib JS from university of Tennessee Medical Center has stated that overexploitation sydromes mandate remainder and control of redness through drugs and physical modes. He prescribed a gradual patterned advance of beef uping plan and any return of symptoms should be adequately and quickly appraised and treated. He emphasized that proper conservative intervention entirely prevents patterned advance of impingement syndromes. ( Rheum. Dis. Clin. North.Am Nov 1990 ) .i Morrrison DS and co-workers have s hown that non operative intervention of shoulder encroachment syndrome resulted in important betterments. In their survey of 413 patients 67 % had a good recovery while 28 % had to travel for arthroscopic processs. Further age, grammatical gender and attendant pith of acromio-clavicular articulation did non impact the result importantly. ( J.Bone and Joint Surg. Am. May 1997 ) .i Brewer BJ has documented a structural alteration of the greater tubercle and progressive devolution of all elements of the sinewy constructions that is age related with progressive( 1 ) osteitis of the greater tubercle, cystic devolution, and abnormality of the cortical border ( 2 ) degenerative sulcus between the greater tubercle and the articular surface ( 3 ) break of the unity of the fond regard of the sinew to the bone by Sharpey s fibres ( 4 ) deviation of cellularity, loss of staining quality, and atomization of the sinew ( 5 ) decline of the vascularity of the sinew and( 6 ) dimmunition of fibr ocartiage. ( Am J Sports Med, Mar-Apr 1979 ) .i Kinger A et al. , stated that volleyball participants have a different muscular and capsular form at the playing shoulder compared to the opposite shoulder. Their playing shoulder is depressed, the scapular lateralized, the dorsal musculuss and the buttocks and inferior portion of the shoulder capsule shortened. These differences were of more significance in volleyball participants with shoulder hurting than in volleyball participants without shoulder hurting. Muscular balance of the shoulder corset is really of import in this athletics. It is hence imperative to include equal stretching and muscular preparation plan for the bar, every bit good as for therapy, of shoulder hurting in volleyball participants. ( Br J Sports Med, Sep 1996 ) .i Jobe FW, Kvitne RS, Giangarra CE in their article shoulder hurting in the oversewn or throwing athlete- the relationship of anterior instability and rotator turnup encroachment , shoulder hurting in the overhanded or throwing athlete can frequently be traced to the stabilising mechanisms of the glenohumeral articulation.i Flatow EL and associates of Orthopaedic Research Laboratoty, New York Orthopaedic Hospital, on the biomechanics of humerus with acromial process provinces that contact starts at the anterolateral border of the acromial process at 0 grades of lift, it shifts medially with arm lift. On the humeral surface, contact interlingual renditions from proximal to distal on the supraspinatus sinew with arm lift. When external rotary motion is decreased, distal and posterior displacement in contact is noted. Acromial bottom and rotator turnup sinews are in immediate propinquity between 60 grades and 120 grades of lift contact was systematically more marked for type III acromial processs. Mean acromiohumeral interval was 11.1 millimeter at 0 grades of lift and decreased to 5.7 millimeters at 90 grades, when greater tubercle was closest to the acromial process. Conta ct centres on the supraspinatus ejaculation, proposing altered jaunt of the greater tubercle may ab initio damage this rotator turnup part. Conditionss restricting external rotary motion or lift may besides increase rotator cuff compaction. Marked addition in contact with Type III acromial processs supports the function of anterior acromioplasty when clinically indicated, normally in older patients with primary encroachment. ( Am J Sports Med, Nov-Dec 1994 ) .i Hawkins RJ, Abrams JS in Impingement syndrome in the absence of rotator turnup tear ( stages 1 and 2 ) lay accent on prophylaxis in bad populations, such as hurlers and swimmers. Once symptoms occur, the bulk can be successfully managed with nonoperative steps. Prolonged failure of conservative assist prior to rotator turnup tear requires surgical decompression with predictable success in most. ( Orthop clin North Am, Jul 1994 ) .i Hjelm R, Draper C, Spencer S supported the construct that capsular ligament non merely supp ly restraint, but are specifically oriented to steer and focus on the humeral caput on the glenoid during shoulder motions. Glenohumeral ligament length inadequacy can be the primary cause of shoulder hurting, runing from frozen shoulder to impingement like symptoms.Proper capsular ligament length can be restored with manual techniques. All patients with shoulder hurting should hold capsular ligament appraisal to see to it proper glenohumeral mechanics. ( J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Mar 1996 ) .i Frogameni AD, Woodworth P in their survey on Non- operative intervention of subacromial impingement syndrome performed a retrospective survey of 616 patients and have shown that non-operative intervention of subacromial impingement syndrome resulted in important improvement.Overall,413 patients had a satisfactory consequence while others had to travel for arthroscopic processs. Besides, shoulder laterality, gender and attendant tenderness of the acromioclavicular articulation did non impa ct the consequence significantly. ( Arthroscopy 16 ( 1 ) 35-40 ) .i Pink MM et Al in their article Arthroscopic findings in the overhand throwing jock grounds for posterior internal encroachment of the rotator turnup supported the construct of encroachment of the posterior turnup bottom with the posterosuperior glenoid rim in the overhand throwing athlete with shoulderpain. ( J Shoulder Elbow Surg 8 ( 2 ) 102-111 ) .i Gjengedal E et Al in their survey on Arthroscopic surgery versus supervised exercisings in patients with rotator turnup disease ( phase II encroachment syndrome ) a prospective, randomized controlled survey in 125 patients with a two-and-half twelvemonth followup found that the success rate was higher for patients randomized to surgery ( 26 of 38 ) and exercises ( 27 of 44 ) compared with the placebo group ( 7 of 28 ) . ( Clin J Sport Med 2003 May 13 ( 3 ) 176-182. )i Claude HC, Pierre Freemont in their article Curative exercising and orthopaedic manual therap y for impingement syndrome a systematic reappraisal suggested that curative exercising or manual therapy benefited more when compared with other interventions such as acromioplasty, placebo or no intercession. Surveies were included if ( 1 ) they were a randomized controlled test ( 2 ) they were related to impingement syndrome, rotator turnup tendonitis or bursitis ( 3 ) one of the interventions included curative exercising or manual therapy. ( J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.1998 Jul 28 ( 1 ) 3-14.i Greenbaum BS, Einhorn A in their article Shoulder encroachment has stated that impingement rehabilitation focuses on beef uping the humeral caput depressors while disregarding the deltoid and supraspinatus musculuss. later intervention includes specific retraining of scapular reconciliation musculuss. The concluding stage of intervention includes beef uping the premier humeral movers in places that avoid farther emphasis to the wound rotator turnup sinews and last of all specifically beef uping the supraspinatus musculus. ( Orthop Clin North Am.1997 Jan 28 ( 1 ) 69-78.i Roberts et Al ( 2002 ) used MRI to place and mensurate the alterations in anatomic constructions in the subacromial infinite as the arm was moved from complete remainder to 160 grade of forward flection during the Hawkin s and Neer encroachment tactics. They concluded that a clinically positive Hawkin s mark is unvarying with external shoulder encroachment.i Andy Finn in his article Shoulder impingement physical therapy to prevail the hurting and retrieve fast has once and for all stated that shoulder encroachment upset can be resolved efficaciously with a superior plan of rehabilitation which is based on specific exercisings for the rotator turnup can cut down recovery times from months to hebdomads, cut downing hurting, redness and the strike for medical specialties, of course.i MacDonald et al. , compared the diagnostic truth of the Neer and Hawkin s impingement mark to arthroscopic fin dings and stated that both trials were similar for happening rotator turnup disease but the Hawkin s mark was more sensitive for subacromial bursitis. They concluded that when both the trials are negative there is a high degree of anticipation that rotator turnup tendinopathy, rupturing or bursitis can be ruled out.i Aimie F.Kachingwe et al. , found that MWM in combination with a supervised exercising plan resulted in a higher per centum of alteration ( but non statistically important ) from pre- to post-treatment in diminishing hurting and bettering map compared to the supervised exercising merely and command groups.i Pappas GP et Al. , in their article In vivo anatomy of the Neer and Hawkins sign places for shoulder encroachment has stated that the Neer and Hawkins impingement marks are normally used to name subacromial pathology. It was found that the Hawkins place resulted in significantly greater subacromial infinite narrowing and subacromial rotator turnup contact than the N eer place though both the manoeuvres significantly decreased the distance from the supraspinatus interpolation into the acromial process and posterior glenoid and from the subscapularis interpolation to the anterior glenoid. The intraarticular contact of the supraspinatus with the posterosuperior glenoid was observed in all topics in both places, which they stated that internal encroachment may play a function in the Neer and Hawkins marks. ( J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2006 Jan-Feb 15 ( 1 ) 40-49 ) .i Valadie et al. , in a survey described that there is consistent contact between the soft tissues and the coraco-acromial ligament and between the articular surface of the rotator turnup and the anterior superior glenoid during the Hawkin s and Kennedy test.Edelson and Teitz reported contact between the lesser tubercle and antero-superior glenoid in the Hawkin s and Kennedy test place.i MacDermid JC et al. , in their article The shoulder painfulness and Disability Index demonstrates facto r, concept and longitudinal cogency concluded that the SPADI is a valid step to measure hurting and disablement in community-based patients describing shoulder hurting due to musculoskeletal pathology. The SPADI is a self-report questionnaire to mensurate the hurting and disablement associated with shoulder pathology.Based on their survey the internal consistences of the SPADI subscales were high. ( BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2006,712 do110.1186/1471-2474-7-12 )3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGYThis survey is designed to affect Manual therapy as a constituent of comprehensive intervention for primary shoulder encroachment in athletic shoulder. The survey was carried out for one twelvemonth.3.1 STUDY DESIGNThe survey is conducted in the format of experimental pre trial, station trial survey design.3.2 STUDY SettingThis survey is conducted on jocks of Coimbatore athleticss nine, when they had come to Sri Ramakrishna infirmary for shoulder hurting intervention. Informed consent was obtai ned from all the topics to transport out my thesis work after anterior referral from the physician in-charge.3.3 SamplingRandom attemptA sum of 20 jocks with primary shoulder encroachment were divided into 2 groups of 10 each. assort A10 jocks Mulligan mobilisation unite with Stretching and Strengthening exercisings.Group B10 jocks Maitland mobilisation combined with Stretching and Strengthening exercisings.3.4 CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTIONEligibilityAge eligibility for survey 18 aged ages to 35 Old agesGenders eligibility for survey MaleAccepts Healthy Volunteers NoStandardsInclusion Standardsi Reproduction of symptoms with impingement trial either Hawkins-Kennedy or Neer trial.i Pain about the superolateral shoulder part.i Pain during active shoulder lift at or above 60o.i Active scope of gesture shortage in humeral lift.i Limited functional motion forms in elevated places.i Positive clinical marks bespeaking subacromial encroachment symptoms ( SIS ) hurting worsening with ov erhead activity a painful discharge, etc.Exclusion Standardsi autobiography of capsular, ligament, sinew and labrum hurts.i Any recent surgeries carried out in and around shoulder articulation.i Traumatic shoulder disruption within the past 3 months.i Previous rehabilitation for this episode of shoulder hurtingi Severe devolution bony or ligament alterations.i Primary shoulder weather vane thoracic disfunction.i Reproduction of shoulder hurting with active or inactive cervical gesture.i Systemic inflammatory joint disease.i runny break of humerus, shoulder blade and collarbone.i Any neurovascular co-morbidities of the involved upper appendage.i Any pathology around the shoulder like Periarthritis, Calcified tendonitis, Frozen shoulder, AC arthritis etc.i Global loss of inactive shoulder ROM, declarative mood of adhesive capsulitis.3.5 MAIN STUDYProcedureAthletes were indiscriminately assigned to two groups harmonizing to the block randomisation method Group 1- Mulligan mobilisat ion combined with Stretching and beef uping exercisings. Group 2- Maitland mobilisation combined with Stretching and beef uping exercisings. Block randomisation was used to guarantee that an equal figure of jocks were assigned to each intervention group and informed of their intervention protocol. Pre and post-treatment appraisal measurings were taken, the initial appraisal session occurred on the first two dozen hours of the hebdomad of the physician scrutiny.The consequence of intervention was assessed based on the undermentioned dependent variables 1. Pain-free active ROM measured with a standard goniometer for flexure and scaption.Pain-free shoulder fexion and scaption active ROM was measured with a cosmopolitan goniometer harmonizing to a standard process. Scaption was measured in standing by alining the goniometer axis over the coracoid procedure, the nonmoving arm analogue to the thorax and the traveling arm midplane of the humerus with the median epicondyle as a usher. Sta ndardized goniometric measurings of glenohumeral gesture have been shown to hold good intrarater reliableness and cogency.2. Measurement of shoulder map assessed with the shoulder hurting and disablement index ( SPADI ) .The numerically- scaly SPADI, a 13-item self-administered instrument mensurating shoulder functional and hurting position, has been shown to hold good test-retest dependability, reactivity, and/or cogency. The SPADI used in this survey was modified to ease capable apprehension by including equal-distanced hashed lines marked 0-10, with nothing labeled no pain/no functional restrictions and 10 labeled worst pain/unable to execute. If a topic chose to tag between the hashed lines, the inquiry was scored to the nearest 0.25.3. Hawkins- Kennedy trialThe Hawkins-Kennedy trial is performed by post the arm passively at 90A of shoulder fexion followed by the therapist forcibly internally revolving the arm-a manoeuvre that besides directs the critical zone against the corac oacromial ligament. The sensitiveness of this manoeuvre has besides been found to be good.4. Neer trialThe Neer encroachment trial, conducted by inactive forward lift and internal rotary motion of the humerus with the shoulder blade stabilized, is deemed positive if the patient studies hurting, normally above 120A of shoulder lift when the critical zone of the rotator turnup sinew is compressed against the subacromial arch. The Neer trial has been found to hold fair to good sensitiveness for finding the presence of shoulder encroachment.All topics in the intervention groups ( Groups 1-2 ) received physical therapy for one hr each for three times per a hebdomad for foursome hebdomads harmonizing to the undermentioned protocols, and each session ended with topics having a cold battalion for 10-15 proceedingss to diminish possible redness and delayed musculus tenderness. Participants were instructed to execute a place exercising plan one time a two dozen hours, Participants were besi des educated in the etiology of shoulder encroachment syndrome and the importance of proper position, and they were instructed to specify overhead activities.Participants in Group 1, the exercising plus MWM group received the standard exercising protocol as per showed in Appendix ( No.5 ) plus glenohumeral joint MWM technique as described by Mulligan.This technique involved the healer using a sustained posterior accoutrement semivowel to the glenohumeral articulation while the topic at the same time actively flexed the shoulder to the unpainful end point and applied a soft overpressure force utilizing the contralateral arm ( Figure 3 ) in Appendix ( No.4 ) . Entire abolishment of hurting during the technique was compulsory if the patient started to see hurting during active gesture the healer would look into different force planes and/or classs of force until unpainful gesture was restored. This process was repeated for a sum of 3 sets of 10 repeats every bit long as unpainful ge sture was sustained if hurting commenced during any repeat of any set, the technique was terminated.Participants in Group 2, the exercising plus mobilisation group received the standard exercising protocol as per showed in Appendix ( No.5 ) with add-on of glenohumeral joint mobilisation techniques as described by Maitland.Anterior, posterior, inferior semivowels, or long-axis distraction grade I-IV joint mobilisations were applied consequently ( Figure 2 ) in Appendix ( No.4 ) . For state of affairss where there was responsiveness within the capsular ROM, grade I-II mobilisations were applied. For state of affairss where there was no responsiveness but capsular hypomobility, grade III-IV accessary gestures were applied. Each mobilisation was applied for 30 seconds at a rate of about one mobilisation every 1 to 2 seconds, followed by a 30-second remainder. The 30-second mobilisation and resting Sessionss were repeated 2 extra times for a sum of 3 sets of 30- 2nd mobilisations.3.6 Ma terials USEDi Treatment sofai Orthopedic Evaluation Chart.i Shoulder Pain And Disability Index ( SPADI )i Goniometer.i Handheld weightsA ( Dumbbells ) .i Flexible gum elastic tube, a bungee cord, or a big gum elastic set.3.7 TREATMENT DURATIONGroup A Mulligan mobilisation combined with Stretching and beef uping exercisings for one hr each for three times per hebdomad.Group B Maitland mobilisation combined with Stretching and beef uping exercisings for one hr each for three times per hebdomad.3.8 DurationDuration of survey is 12 months.Treatment Duration is 4weeks/ alternate days/one hr a twenty-four hours.3.9 OUTCOME MEASURESi Pain and Shoulder disablement were assessed utilizing Shoulder Pain and Disability Index ( SPADI ) .i Active couch of Motion ( AROM ) wrinkle and Scaption were assessed utilizing Goniometer.3.10 Statistical AnalysisTwo tailed, Independentt trial was used to compare between groups on all descriptive and dependent variables. This will define the significan ce of betterment between the two groups.The t-test was calculated utilizing the nerveT =S =n1= figure of jocks in first sample group.n2= figure of jocks in 2nd sample group.x1= just difference of first sample group.x2= average difference of 2nd sample group.s = combined standard release.4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONThe survey was conducted in two groups multitude 1Athletes were treated with Mulligan mobilisation combined with Stretching and Strengthening exercisings.GROUP 2Athletes were treated with Maitland mobilisation combined with Stretching and Strengthening exercisings.Pre -test and station -test appraises were taken and the result was evaluated by utilizing the undermentioned toolsGoniometer ( Active Range of Motion )Shoulder hurting and disablement index ( SPADI )The independentt trial was used for statistical analysisTable No. 4.1RANGE OF MOTION OF FLEXION, ABDUCTION FORGROUP I ( Mulligan mobilisation )S.NO.FlexureAbductionPretest smirch trialPretestPost trial11 33167801742128155921503120166871644136169901735138167791756123154771647127154901708134164951709120165871661011715893170RANGE OF MOTION OF FLEXION Group I( Mulligan Mobilization )RANGE OF MOTION OF ABDUCTION Group I( Mulligan Mobilization )Table No. 4.2RANGE OF MOTION OF FLEXION, ABDUCTION FORGROUP II ( Maitland Mobilization )S.NO.FlexureAbductionPretestPost trialPretestPost trial113215294140213614583150314214087gross4130142901465135153751576117137861377132150981458123147901469130148961391012713980137RANGE OF MOTION OF FLEXION GROUP II( Maitland Mobilization )RANGE OF MOTION OF ABDUCTION GROUP II( Maitland Mobilization )Table No. 4.3SPADI PAIN, DIABILITY, TOTAL SCORE Group I ( Mulligan Mobilization )S.NO.PainDisabilityEntire MarkPre trialPost trialPre trialPost trialPre trialPost trial145105616101262401048248834335556169121440104088018545154889323630556886137451040248534840154024803993510481683261040153287223SPADI PAIN Group I ( Mulligan Mobilization )SPADI DIABILITY Group I ( Mulligan Mobilization )SPADI PAIN, DIABILITY, TOTAL SCORE Group I ( Mulligan Mobilization )Table No. 4.4SPADI PAIN, DIABILITY, TOTAL SCORE GROUP II ( Maitland Mobilization )S.NO.PainDisabilityEntire MarkPre trialPost trialPre trialPost trialPre trialPost trial140154024803923010568861834510328771844015481688315355402475296405321672217301056168626840154824883994510408851810352056249144SPADI PAIN GROUP II ( Maitland Mobilization )SPADI DIABILITY GROUP II ( Maitland Mobilization )SPADI PAIN, DIABILITY, TOTAL SCORE GROUP II ( Maitland Mobilization )Table 4.5Summary OF DATA ANALYSIS FOR TWO GROUPS OF PRIMARY SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROMES.No.GroupParameterMeanSd.t value1.Group IFlexureRead-only memory34.36.796.21Group II15.36.16Group IAbduction ROM80.610.174.93Group II56.210.832.Group ISPADIPain293.740.975Group II26.56.733.Group ISPADI DISABILITY31.210.40.65Group II2810.284.Group IEntire SPADI SCORE60.210.971.223Group II54.58.65MEAN IMPROVEMENT BETWEEN RANGE OF MOTION OF FLEXION Gr oup I AND GROUP IIMEAN IMPROVEMENT BETWEEN RANGE OF MOTION OF ABDUCTION Group I AND GROUP IIMEAN IMPROVEMENT BETWEEN PAIN-GROUP I AND GROUP IIMEAN IMPROVEMENT BETWEEN DISABILITY Group I AND GROUP IIMEAN DIFFERENCE OF SPADI TOTAL SCORE GROUP I AND GROUP II5. DiscussionThis survey shows the effectivity of Manual therapy as a constituent of comprehensive intervention for primary shoulder encroachment syndrome in athletic shoulder.The training analysis shows that there has been important decrease in hurting, addition in ROM and functional ability of shoulder articulation, in values of group 1 and group 2.Pain and shoulder disablement is measured by SPADI, the entire SPADI shows that average betterment of group 1 is 60.2 and group 2 is 54.5 with standard dispute of 10.97 and 8.65 severally. The independent t value calculated for SPADI is 1.223 at 18 grade of freedom. This deliberate t value is less than the table value of 2.101 at 0.05 degree of significance. Hence, we accept the vo id hypothesis. Therefore, there is no important difference in cut downing hurting and bettering map on utilizing Manual therapy technique in over caput jocks with primary shoulder encroachment syndrome. Sing hurting, the average betterment of group 1 is 29 and group 2 is 26.5 with standard divergence of 3.74 and 6.73 severally and for disablement the average betterment of group 1 is 31.2 and group 2 is 28 with standard divergence of 10.4 and 10.28 severally. For hurting the independent t value is 0.975 and for disablement is 0.65. Since the values are less than the table values of 2.101 at 0.05 degree of significance we are accepting the void hypothesis.ROM is measured by goniometer, it shows that average betterment of flexure in group 1 is 34.3 and group 2 is 15.3 with standard divergence of 6.79 and 6.165 and for abduction the average betterment in group 1 is 80.6 and group 2 is 56.2 with standard divergence of 10.17 and 10.83.The t value calculated for flexure is 6.21 and for a bduction is 4.93. Since both the values are more than the table value of 2.101 at 0.05 degree of significance, we reject the void hypothesis. Therefore, there is a important difference in bettering ROM of flexure and abduction on utilizing Manual therapy technique in over caput jocks with primary shoulder encroachment syndrome.Statistical analysis showed that,The group 1 who underwent Mulligan mobilisation combined with Stretching and beef uping exercisings has more consistent betterment than the other group in increasing ROM. There was no important difference between the groups on cut downing hurting and bettering disablement.RestrictionThe continuance of the survey could non be extended for more than 12 months due to clip restraint.This survey did non include the jocks in phase 3 primary shoulder encroachment syndromes therefore the consequences of this survey can non be generalized to all patients with assorted phases of primary shoulder encroachment syndrome.6. DecisionIn this survey the effectivity of Manual therapy as a constituent of comprehensive intervention for primary shoulder encroachment syndrome in athletic shoulder, shows that Mulligan mobilisation combined with Stretching and Strengthening exercisings is effectual in increasing mobility. However, athletes improved significantly with all the two intervention schemes.From this survey it is suggested that Manual therapy techniques ( Mulligan and Maitland ) can be efficaciously used as a constituent of comprehensive intervention plan.6.1 RecommendationSince it is a clip edge survey, a survey with a big sample size and long term follow up can be done in hereafter.Surveies can be compared with other use techniques.Surveies can be carried out in bilateral primary shoulder encroachment syndrome.

Chapter Ii: Review of Related Literature

Chapter II Review of Related Literature History of School Papers In the public amply drills in the City of Manila, civilise wordpapers were publish as early as 1930, although records show that The Coconut, a mimeographed copy and edited by Carlos P. Romulo came out in the school year 1911-1912. For several years virtually puffy schools in the public schools in Manila had one composition, the first three pages of which were devoted to English and the remaining pages to Filipino. It was only in 1960 when some big schools published separate issues in English and in Filipino.In 1952, formal instructions in high school journalism began. That was the time when Mrs. Sarah England, an Ameri butt end teacher of Mapa naughty School, experimented on the teaching of journalism. The experiment proved so successful that other four existing high schools honoured suit. These schools formally offered journalism as a vocational subject holding classes on a daily double period throughout the school year. Since then, journalism has been under the supervision of English supervisors, but grades were considered as vocational subjects. History of School Newspapers in the PhilippinesAccording to Jesus Valenzuela in the History of Journalism in the Philippine Islands (1933) and John Lent in the Philippine slew Communication (1964), the history of campus journalism in the Philippines started when the University of Santo Tomas published El Liliputiense in 1890. However, Oscar Manalo, NarcisoMatienzo, and VirgilioMonteloyola in AngPamahayagan (1985) argued that the history of campus journalism in the country started when the University of the Philippines published The College Folio, now The Philippine Collegian, in 1910.They also added that The Torch of the Philippine Normal University, The Guidon of the Ateneo de Manila University, and The Varsitarian of the University of Santo Tomas were also published two years later. Whatever came first, Carlos Romulo y Pena edited The Coco nut, the official pupil publication of the Manila juicy School, now the Araullo High School. It was published in 1912 and it is now considered the first and oldest high school newspaper in the country. In 1923, La Union High School in the Ilocos Region published The La Union Tab, the first printed and regularly issued high school newspaper in the country.Since then, high school newspapers came out one subsequently the other. Among these high school newspapers were The Pampangan, Pampanga High School, 1925 The Leytean, Leyte High School, 1925 The Rizalian, Rizal High School, 1926 The Coconut, Tayabas High School, 1927 The Volcano, Batangas High School, 1927 The Toil, La Union Trade School, 1928 The Samarinian, Samar High School, 1928 The Melting Pot, Tarlac High School, 1929 The Granary, Nueva Ecija High School, 1929 The Torres Torch, Torres High School, 1930 and The Cagayan Student Chronicle, Cagayan High School, 1931.In 1931, 30 out of 106 high schools in the country had campus newspapers registered at the Bureau of Public Schools. In 1950, this number increased to 169 by 1954, to 253 by 1975, to 500 and by 1986, to more than 900 newspapers in English and in Filipino (Escote, A. 2008). Functions of School Papers Journalism is an donnish discourse guaranteed by Republic Act No. 7079, also known as the Campus Journalism Act of 1991, which protects freedom of the press at the campus level and promotes the development and development of campus journalism as a means of evolution m oral exam character, encouraging critical thinking, and strengthening ethical values.Journalism, the art and science of writing for newspapers, periodicals, radio, television, and online publications, enfolds well-timed and factual reports of unusual or unexpected events, opinions, or situations that affect man and his environment. These reports are gathered, evaluated, and published, broadcasted, or posted on the Web to inform, to entertain, or to influence a large number of read ers. The School Paper Advisers According to Binoya (1999), a school paper advisor has his own mission.The effective and efficient management of a school paper is measured not solely or the merit of a written master plan that predetermines a course of action to be chased for optimum results. It should desirewise place a high premium on how the adviser assumes the role as a mentor to budding journalists. Mentoring is a contest endeavor that is truly regarding to both the teacher and the student. The mentor finds fulfillment in discovery and development an eager learner and potential champion.A disgruntled and inept adviser is the primary source of disenchantment among young persisters. Campus journalist to succeed in their craft need to find an adviser who is determined to make jobs to make his work a happy growing experience. School paper advising is a real challenge where problems encountered every adviser must be handed systematically, various local studies were presented such as Tanodra(1992) revealed in her study that the greatest number of high school paper advisers in Metro Manila ere not adequately alert and trained in information disseminating work.She further revealed that because of their paper advisers encountered problems with their students staff, their fellow teachers and school administrator or principal. Binoya (1999) indicates that the advisers number one mission is to revive young writers to give the school publication their best effort. These could be realized by pursuing these goals. 1. Make school paper advising a more challenging task and perform the job at high level of excellence. 2. Dont make our staff for granted. Recognize that work achievement. 3. Consider the staff as a team. Show our concern.Dont hide the fact that we are as human as the young people we work with. Roles and Responsibilities The following are the duties and responsibilities of the school paper adviser as listed by Binoya (1999) 1. Organize at the beginning of the school year and handle journalism classes with above average intelligence and arguing to writing. 2. Organize the school paper tasks. 3. Undertake the structuring, cleanliness maintenance of the staff room. 4. Administer division test in journalism, correct and report of such tests. 5. Read memoranda, bulletins, circulars, information, etcetera or the implementation and dissemination of pertinent ones in the school paper. 6. Attend journalism in-service meetings, seminar-workshops demonstration, lessons, city-wide and regional contests. 7. Prepare daily lesson plans. 8. Prepare journalism exercises and instructional aid materials. 9. Evaluate and record pupil performance in the journalism aids and materials. 10. Train contestants for decision, regional, and national contest in journalism. 11. Set up timetable for the production and dispersion of the school paper. 12. Copy read article for the publications. 13.Type corrected articles submitted by the staff members. 14. Work w ith the staff and layout of the school paper. 15. Submit articles and pictures with the corresponding picture to the printer. 16. Proof-read typeset materials and follow up production of school paper at the press until its completed. 17. Take picture of significant activities in the school and in the community. 18. Accompany the staff members in the survey of the school and community resources and activities in joining journalism contests and conferences, and in going to and from the press and in awarding ceremonies. 9. Prepare with the staff the dummy and headlines of the school paper. 20. Prepare pictures for the publication, cropping, caption writing, indicating printers directions. 21. Verify through research and interview facts reported in articles submitted by the staffers. 22. Prepare financial reports on expenditures from paper subscription funds after every issue. 23. Keep and update school morgue and file of exchanges. 24. Prepare financial reports on expenditures from pap er subscription funds after every issue. 25.Take charge of and be responsible for all books, property and equipment issued for the use of journalism classes. 26. Keep and update school paper morgue and file exchanges. 27. Execute and submit a headway form issued by the Journalism and School Paper services at the end of the school year and upon going maternity leave, sabbatical leave, study leave, resignation, retirement, and direct to other office, school, division or change of assignment. 28. Submit file copies of every issue of the school paper to the office of the Journalism and School Paper run 29.Executive and submit performance rating together with the worksheet. 30. Exert all effort and implement all possible means to improve instruction, develop right values, and drive performance. 31. Any change in assignment, all books and other staff property should be turned over to this new advisers and critic. Incompetence of Newspapers Advisers Pan (1990) has listed down the study characteristics of teacher, Advisers such as credibility, trustworthiness, and expertise among those that affect the teachers of journalism and advising of school paper.She also mentioned administrative support, privation of facilities and equipment, in teaching load as some of the problems encountered by the teacher adviser. Oliva (1999) mentioned that campus journalism should be included in the public secondary curriculum. He also suggested that school administrators should give their full support in promoting campus journalism because it is where our future writers will get motivated. He also suggested that school paper advisers should start to educate students abut consequence of media and students should realize the importance of responsible journalism.The lack and the needs to have better (trained) advisers Consequently, Roque (1972) stated that the task of putting out a school publication requires not only the ability to write efficaciously but also the ability to plan, fi nance, and manage the campus paper. He believes that one who undertakes the writing of a guide for teaching journalism should include the various details that go into managing a school paper as well as offer helpful editorial tips in ranging from the development of the papers format to writing and illustrating news on feature story.He believes that a good school newspaper of journalism could take up the choice and training of the staff, how to prepare the budget, how to plan and layout, copy read, developing and printing pictures, style books production and relationship between the press and the administration Sicat (1988) believes that responsible leadership is naturally developed among the students as they come to know their duties and responsibilities to themselves and others.He added that like any other teacher in the school, the school paper adviser must know the many behaviors of students in the organization that affect the daily humour He should be the one who helps the stud ents move toward self-direction. While assisting the needs and problems of the students, good rapport and empathy are stimulating characteristics of a school paper adviser. School newspaper advisers get hold ofment and preparation are factors contributive to the acquisition of knowledge and information, development of desirable habits, skills and display of favorable attitudes and appreciation.Complimentary to educational attainment are the fruits of competence and creativity but dedication is ones commitment. Attitude and values towards work are the story factors on how to measure the performance of a school paper adviser. Important Writing Skills Considering that the teachers plays a vital role in bringing along the language arts to the mind of the learners, the teacher gibe Vile (20081) should involve setting the conditions for learning by understanding how a learner learns.The teacher has to determine the teaching style, the approach to be used, the method and the classroom te chniques, procedures and activities to be used in the classroom. The classroom then must create a conducive atmosphere that is geared towards teaching students how to communicate genuinely, spontaneously and meaningfully in the second or foreign language. Thus, implying the use for communicative competence. (Novilen A. Bendebel 1996)Kinsella (1981) stated that the inability to spell correctly and confidently is one of the most serious problems in writing for many people. If language is incorrect, then what is said is not meant. If what is said is not meant, then what ought to be done remains undone (Jean Wrynick, 1986) Velmonte (1980) pointed out to attain success in speaking or writing in any language, one most first have something to say one has to know how to evoke what he wants to say correctly and effectively.This ability in correct expression, oral or written, depends upon the development of certain abilities and skills. Lado (1989) stressed that in a development of oral and unwritten skills, teachers have to steer clear of the tendency to over-emphasize the parts of speech. The ability to speak and understand a language is different from the mouthing of rules and parts of speech. Often those who can use language are unable to recite its rules and to memorize the parts of speech and also those who can recite its rules are unable to se it. familiarity about the language is not a substitute for language use. The task of the teacher of composition writing is to establish the context of use for learning. He can do this by exercising control in setting the students task, so that the student is free to invent his own ideas, put them into sentences and paragraphs and organize them within a controlled situation. Whom establishing this context for learning, the teacher must consider. Rizza B. Bagalanon 1999

Imperialism and Manhood Essay

Study question 1. 2. 3. To Roosevelt, the idea of race suicide was most interlinked to manhood. Not only would the American men face competition from immigrant workers and be unable to provide for more children thus leading to an excess of inferior immigrants notwithstanding the American man would also be tie in to the impotent American man, unable to create more children. This would lead to the races elimination washout and Immigration 1. It allowed individuals to distinguish and separate themselves from immigrants thus creating a barrier that showed them as undesirable.2. Certain policies and laws were created to separate the Chinese from new(prenominal) groups Chinese Exclusion Act. 3. This act set a precedent on the treatment of other foreigners that would enter America. Urban Politics and Culture 1. It is preferable to have a community that has a stage of refinement than to live in one that is full of poverty. 2. The wealth should be divided amongst the immediate family t o a degree that does not surpass them into leading unfulfilling and lazy lives. The rest should be distrisolelyed for the benefit of society. 1.Having undergone poverty himself, Riles shows stereotypes but presents them in an entertaining way to the audience. Also he mentions the roles these different cultures play in merging with the American way of life. 2. Riis and Carnegie are similar in their opinion that the poor exist and cannot be ignored but it is only the rich who can provide them with relief. Cultural Encounters in the Far West 1. The Bison went into extinction because of the polar and droughts bought in by the changing environment and human influence which resulted in colonial expansion that bought in new diseases and animals.2. It was not the nomads alone who hunted the bison. They sold the animals to the Euro-American invaders. 1. Blacks could not vote unless their grandfathers had not been voters before the well-bred War, literacy tests had to be passed, fees was ch arged for voting and democrats (always white individuals) were the only ones allowed to vote. 2. The South contained individuals who had the deepest hatred for the blacks which led the lynching in this area to be the worst. 3. Separate schools, hospitals, accommodations and even entrances were given to the two groups.Often enough the blacks were provided no facilities by certain states. 4. They decided to test out the marginzalation itself by acts like the one committed by bell ringer A Plessy Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia Website 1. Minstrels would perform music with black faced performers in the quest to ridicule black people. Also caricatures were made which were printed in novels and plays. 2. Churches taught that blacks were inferior. Politicians gave speeches supporting segregation and writers also wrote against the black man.